Exam #1 Vocab Flashcards
observational studies
hypothesis predicts existing patterns(often the only studies possible)
experimental studies
hypothesis predict patterns resulting from manipulation so only 1 thing is varied (compare treatment group to control group)
independent variable
varying condition observed or manipulated
dependent variable
measured response
experimental group
receives treatment
control group
same as experimental group, except no treatment
procedural control
treatment applied to case with “known” outcome
probabilistic statistic
the likelihood that the data shows a certain kind of “chance” similarity
p-value
probability of “error” usually use 0.05
unpaired t-test
compares 2 means
chi-square goodness of fit
compares observed and expected numbers
standard deviation
spread of data around the mean
inductive reasoning
is a form of logical thinking that uses relaxed observations to arrive at a general conclusion
deductive reasoning
is a form of logical thinking that uses a general principle of law to predict specific results
descriptive science
inductive, aims to observe, explore, and discover