Exam 1: Ions/Electrolytes

Question 1

Plasma sodium concentration

Answer 1

140-142

Question 2

How to determine overall osmolarity

Answer 2

sodium x 2

Question 3

Usefulness of sodium

Answer 3

can determine sodium osmolarity

Question 4

Blood plasma potassium concentration

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Intracellular potassium

Answer 5

30x higher than outside cells (120-140)

Question 6

What do you need to know about calcium?

Answer 6

There is hardly any calcium floating on the inside of the cell b/c it’s used as a signal to turn itself on

Question 7

What do you need to know about magnesium?

Answer 7

Magnesium is higher inside the cells than outside of the cells b/c it’s used as a cofactor with lots of reactions inside of the cell

Question 8

What do you need to know about chloride?

Answer 8

Similar to sodium; more outside of the cell than inside

Question 9

What does bicarb do and where is it managed?

Answer 9

Bicarb is the primary ECF buffer and is typically managed by the kidney; higher concentration outside of cells than inside

Question 10

Why is phosphate important?

Answer 10

ICF buffer; higher inside of cells than outside of cells

Question 11

Amino acid concentrations are higher in the _____

Answer 11

inside of the cell; amino acids are needed to proteins together inside of the cells

Question 12

Creatine is used for what?

Answer 12

High energy storage compound; used prior to ATP for energy when skeletal muscles contract

Question 13

What is lactate?

Answer 13

Metabolic byproduct inside of the cell; higher concentration inside the cell than outside

Question 14

Why is ATP not found outside of cells?

Answer 14

It is so valuable and must remain in the cells for energy usage

Question 15

Why is glucose not found inside cells?

Answer 15

Glucose is delivered to cells, not produced within them

Question 16

What is the primary cation?

Answer 16

Sodium

Question 17

What is the function of potassium?

Answer 17

Potassium determines how the heart is going to function

Question 18

What is the ratio of calcium inside the cell vs outside of the cell?

Answer 18

10,000:1 - more outside of the cell vs inside

Question 19

What is magnesium used for?

Answer 19

To settle the heart down with chemical reactions

Question 20

What is the primary anion?

Answer 20

Chloride

Question 21

Are there more proteins inside or outside of the cell?

Answer 21

Inside because that is where they are produced

Question 22

What is urea?

Answer 22

Byproduct of metabolism

Question 23

What is total osmolarity?

Answer 23

How many dissolved compounds are in the total fluid sample
When you measure and add up all of the numbers it is close to 300

Question 24

Is the biological osmolarity greater than or less than the predicted osmolarity?

Answer 24

Less than b/c there are some ions that might join together and not want to dissociate as easily as predicted

Question 25

What is the corrected osmolarity?

Answer 25

280-283

Question 26

What is total osmotic pressure?

Answer 26

5,000+ mmHg; the pressure difference needed to prevent the flow of solvents across a semipermeable membrane = relates to the amount of “stuff” dissolved in solution

Question 27

Intracellular sodium concentration

Answer 27

1/10th of plasma sodium concentration; 14