Exam 1 CHP 3-4

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

the specific sequence of DNA for a particular protein

Question 2

allele

Answer 2

variant form of a gene (red or white)

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

combination of alleles (YY, yy, Yy)

Question 4

Gamete

Answer 4

haploid reproductive cell

Question 5

What must occur first before e. coli undergo cell division

Answer 5

They must copy their own DNA first

Question 6

Law of independent assortment

Answer 6

All of the different genes segregate independently of one another

Question 7

meiosis 1

Answer 7

homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells

Question 8

Law of segregation

Answer 8

gamates will either contain the Y or y allele, but not both. This explains why traits can skip a generation but come back in another

Question 9

when does DNA replication happen in the cell cycle

Answer 9

S-phase in interphase

Question 9

when does the condensation start

Answer 9

prophase of mitosis or prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 10

What are the phases of the cell cycle

Answer 10

Interphase (G2)-this is where the cell spends most of the time

Prophase-DNA condenses and the envelope disappears

Metaphase chromosomes line up in the middle

Anaphase-sister chromatids separate to opposite poles

Telophase-nuclear env reforms, no more mitotic spindle

Cytokinesis-separate into two genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent

Question 11

what is the purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms

Answer 11

halves the number of chromosomes in sex cells to haploid cells

Question 12

what process returns the sexual life cycle from haploid back to diploid stage

Answer 12

fertilization

Question 13

do all cells undergo cytokinesis, what would happen if they don’t

Answer 13

not all cells do, they have multiple nuclei (skeletal cells)

Question 14

For a species with a haploid number of 10 chromosomes,how many different combinations for maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible for the gametes

Answer 14

2^10

Question 14

in dividng cells do you think those cells will spend more time in interphase or mitosis

Answer 14

mitosis because cells do not divide i interphase

Question 14

what happens to the chromosome number in meiosis

Answer 14

they are reduced by half

Question 15

during which division is the chromosome number reduced

Answer 15

meiosis 1

Question 16

what is the purpose of meiosis

Answer 16

to reduce the number of sets of chromosomes from 2 to 1 in gametes

Question 17

how many times do the cells divide in meiosis

Answer 17

2

Question 18

how many times do the chromosomes duplicate

Answer 18

1