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MAC 212 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Socialization

A

The way media helps us understand how our surroundings work.

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2
Q

Social Construction of Reality

A

While reality exists, media users negotiate the meaning of that reality

The same media product may mean very different things to different people.

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3
Q

Example Social Construction of Reality

A

Music Video may elicit different responses from a 15yr old fan of the band and a parent concerned about stereotypically sexist images that may be in the video.

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4
Q

Printing Technology

A

15th Century

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5
Q

Cast Metal Type

A

Korea, Early 15th century

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6
Q

Movable type media

A

Gutenberg, 1450

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7
Q

First Newspaper in Europe

A

Early 17th Century

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8
Q

The Penny Press

A

Early 19th Century

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9
Q

Effect from the printing press in Europe

A

Promoted Literacy

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10
Q

Effect of Inventing of the Telegraph and Telephone in the 19th Century

A

Allowed instantaneous communication over long distances.

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11
Q

Phonograph

A

1877

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12
Q

Cinematograph

A

1895

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13
Q

LP record

A

1948

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14
Q

Magnetic Tape

A

1920’s

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15
Q

Personal Cassette Tape

A

1960’s

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16
Q

VCR

A

1970’s

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17
Q

CD

A

1980’s

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18
Q

MP3, DVD, and other digital formats

A

1990’s

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19
Q

What became the first broadcast medium in the early 20th century

A

Radio

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20
Q

When were television sets introduced to U.S. households?

A

1940’s

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21
Q

Narrowcasting

A

Developments in new media resulted in a move away from the mass broadcast audience toward smaller, more specialized niche populations

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22
Q

How did Mass-media relate to politics

A

Most of our political knowledge is based on mass media

Participate in politics through media

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23
Q

Electronic Hearth

A

Media products are connected to the ways we interact with other people on a daily basis

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24
Q

Looking-glass self

A

Our sense of identity and individuality emerges from our social interaction with others

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25
Q

Relationships between institutions

A

Interaction between media industry and government

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26
Q

Relationships within an institution

A

Relationship between media producers and studios

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27
Q

Relationship between institutions and individuals

A

Relationship between media contents and audiences

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28
Q

Structure and Agency are core concepts of?

A

Sociology

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29
Q

Structure

A

Any recurring pattern of social behavior

Limits the human agency

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30
Q

Example of Structure

A

Family Structure, Educational System, TV networks

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31
Q

Agency

A

Intentional and undetermined human action

Structure limits the agency, but agency reproduces

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32
Q

Structure limits the agency, but agency…

A

Reproduces and changes social structure

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33
Q

Media Message/Product (Civil rights movement)

A

Media messages about the movement affect audience

Audience interprets the meaning and significance of the message

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34
Q

Media Industry (Civil rights movement)

A

Industry creates messages about the event

Norms of news influence media personnel

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35
Q

Readers/Audience (Civil rights movement)

A

Audiences use new technology to access media messages

Specific formats of technology influence audience’s media use

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36
Q

Technology (Civil rights movement)

A

Technology affects industry practices

Industry makes use of new technology to cover the event

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37
Q

Economics Perspective on Media

A

Study of media production within the economic constraints

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38
Q

Media products are a result of?

A

Social and Economic process

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39
Q

Media products and Social and Economic process

A

Media products are not free-floating texts

Contexts include cultural and economic factors

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40
Q

Conglomeration

A

Media companies have become part of much larger businesses

41
Q

Vertical Integration

A

Integrate all aspects of media

42
Q

Ex of Vertical Integration

A 
Talent Agencies
          I
   Film Studios
          I
   Movie Theaters
43
Q

Complete Monopoly

A

The cost is controlled by the conglomeration

44
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

Across the media

45
Q

Ex of Horizontal Integration

A

Music Labels, Book Publishers, Film Studios

46
Q

Consequences of Conglomeration

A

Integration and Self-Promotion

Impact of Conglomeration on Content

47
Q

Impact of Conglomeration on Content

A

“Hollywoodization” of news

Possible homogenization of culture

48
Q

Integration and Self-Promotion

A

Synergy
Cost Minimization
Profit Maximization

49
Q

Effects of Concentration

A

Media Control and Political Power

Media Owners’ Influences on Media Contents

50
Q

Media Control and Political Power

A

Concentrated media ownership often leads to political power
Media Outlets may promote specific political agenda of the owner
Media barons can easily become influential politicians

51
Q

Ideology

A

System of meaning that helps define and explain the world and that makes value judgements about that world

52
Q

Kavanagh “Ideology”

A

Social process that works on and through every social subject, that everyone is ‘in,’ whether or not they ‘know’ or understand it.

53
Q

Ideological Analysis

A

Study of media images sent about the nature of the world, how it operates, and how it should be

54
Q

Ideology as Normalization

A

Ideology defines what is being “normal” in society

55
Q

Dominant Ideologies

A

Taken-for-granted, rarely questioned ideologies.

56
Q

Rarely Questioned ideologies

A

Democracy, Capitalism, Christianity

57
Q

Marxist vs. Ideology

A

Ideology as a powerful mechanism of social control whereby members of the ruling class imposed their worldview

58
Q

Marxism

A

The relation between the realm of culture, including but not limited to ideas, and the realm of political economy (including production)

59
Q

Ideology works as the opposite of?

A

Pragmatism, common sense, or even of “reality”

60
Q

The New Momism

A

The old, “perfect mother” image resurrected

61
Q

Celebrity motherhood

A

Set of ideas, norms, and practices, most frequently and powerfully represented in the media, that seem on the surface to celebrate motherhood, but which in reality promulgate standards of perfection that are beyond our reach.

62
Q

Ideological Systems Structure

A

Our Social World (power, privilege)

Our “Judgement” of social norms (acceptable, unacceptable)

Social Subject-Fromation process (self identity, in group, out group)

Our notion of normalization

63
Q

The Dominant Ideological System

A

Divides people up i various systems

Justifies privilege, property, access and protected rights

Manages material and immaterial contradictions

Creates systematic inequalities and antagonistic social relationships

64
Q

Ideology works to (4)

A
  1. Manage the implicit tensions in society without repressive mechanisms (police, army, courts)
  2. Make dominant and subordinate class, perceive and understand the prevailing system of social relations as fundamentally fair on the whole (even if it hasn’t done so well by them)
  3. Make most people think any possible alternative is virtually impossible.
  4. Manage social contradictions and reproduce class, as well as other, class relations
65
Q

Dominant Ideology

A

A web of ideas that underpin a specific system of domination at a specific moment

66
Q

Ideology is..

A

Unstable

67
Q

Ideology and Popular TV

A

Dominantly white, upper middle class, happy, secure

Changed forward family conflict and struggle in the 1970s

Work family programs

New Momism

68
Q

Mid 1970s TV Family

A

Family depicted as source of conflict and struggle as well as comfort and love

69
Q

T or F: Shows change to define family demographic changing.

A

True

70
Q

1990’s TV

A

Popular programs were nostalgic

71
Q

2000’s TV

A

Dysfunctional families

72
Q

Ideology in News

A

Limited Viewpoints

Most news favors the insiders (government, establishment) view.

73
Q

Ideologies present in mainstream economic news

A

Focus on the activities and interests of investors and businesses

Economic crisis coverage

74
Q

Economic crisis coverage

A

Top-down perspective (government and businesses)

75
Q

Focus on the activities and interests of investors and businesses

A

“pro-business” as being normal

“pro-labor” as being deviant

76
Q

Ideology in our daily lives

A

Makes unequal social relationships that are culturally constructed and historically specific seem natural and inevitable

Makes highly politicized ways of seeing living in the world seem commonsensical and arguments against the established social order seem illogical and/or impractical

77
Q

Multitask

A

the use of more than one medium concurrently

78
Q

Fused Media and Society

A

society as we know it is fused media

79
Q

Medium

A

Media plural

80
Q

Reader/User VS. Receiver/Audience

A

Active role reading content user=feedback

81
Q

Net Neutrality

A

To ensure equal to access internet through legislation

82
Q

Culture Shock

A

Ways that we are not socialized in the ways and norms of a specific culture

83
Q

Moral Panic

A

Entertaining engaging stories that promote this widespread expectation of danger.

84
Q

The Five Dominant Companies

A

Time Warner, The Walt Disney Company, Viacom, News Corporation, and Bertelsmann

85
Q

The Big Six Motion Picture Companies

A

Universal Pictures, Viacom’s Paramount Pictures, Time Warner’s Warner Bros., Walt Disney Studios, News Corporations 20th Century Fox, Sony Pictures Entertainment

86
Q

Top Book Publishing Companies

A

Penguin Random House
HarperCollins
Machete Book Group
Macmillan

87
Q

Top US Magazine

A

Time Inc.

88
Q

Top Recorded Music

A

Universal Music Group
Sony Music Entertainment
Warner Music

89
Q

Top Radio

A

Clear Channel

90
Q

Example of Conglomeration

A

AOL buying Netscape, Compuserv, Netscape, Moviefone, MusicNow, and The Huffington Post

91
Q

Vertical Integration

A

Process by which one owner acquires all aspects of production and distribution of a single type of media product.

92
Q

Example of Vertical Integration

A

Movie company acquiring talent agencies to acquire scripts and sign actors, production studios to create films, manufacturers to produce DVDs

93
Q

Horizontal Integration

A

One company buys different kinds of media, concentrating ownership across differing types of media rather than up and down through one industry.

94
Q

Example of Horizontal Integration

A

Media conglomerates assemble large portfolios of magazines, TV stations, book publishers, record labels to support one another’s operations.

95
Q

Media Pluralism

A

The degree to which there is diversity in media content readily available to audiences.

96
Q

The Homogeneous Hypothesis

A

A proposition to be studied

97
Q

Vertical Diversity

A

The range of actors mentioned and the degree of disagreement within a single newspaper

98
Q

Horizontal Diversity

A

The differences in content between two newspapers.

MAC 212 (3 decks)

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