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bio 111 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the scientific method?

A
  1. observations/questions
  2. hypothesis/prediction
  3. data
  4. analysis/peer review
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2
Q

why doesn’t science answer all questions in life?

A

science is foolproof and not easy, limited by human perception/opinion

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3
Q

who was Robert Hooke and what did he do?

A

he was an English physicist
1st person to see outline of cells, created a magnifying lens

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4
Q

what is the biological organization for a multicellular organism

A

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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5
Q

what makes something alive

A

combination of the characteristics of life

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6
Q

what are the characteristics of life? (8)

A

reproduction, homeostasis, evolution, order, response to stimuli, growth and development, regulation, energy processing (metabolism)

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7
Q

autotrophs

A

plant/organism that produces organic molecules by acquiring carbon from inorganic sources

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8
Q

heterotrophs

A

animals/organism that obtains carbon and energy by eating another organism

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9
Q

prokaryotes

A

cell that has a nucleus and other membrane bounded organelles/bacteria and archaea

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10
Q

eukaryotes

A

composed of 1+ cells containing a nucleus and other membrane bounded organelles

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11
Q

homeostasis

A

a state of internal constancy in the presence of changing external conditions

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12
Q

angiosperm

A

a seed plant that produces flowers and fruits

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13
Q

gymnosperm

A

a plant with seeds that are not enclosed in a fruit

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14
Q

invertebrate

A

animal without a backbone

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15
Q

vertebrate

A

animal with a backbone

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16
Q

endotherm

A

animal that maintains its body temp by using heat generated from its own metabolism

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17
Q

ectotherm

A

animal that lacks an internal mechanism that keeps its temp within a narrow range

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18
Q

what is the structure of cells

A

outer membrane encloses water and chemicals

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19
Q

what is the function of cells

A

to use genetics instructions to produce proteins to carry out functions

20
Q

how do plants pollinate

A

delivering pollen to female plant parts (wind, insects, animals, seeds, flowers, fruits)

21
Q

why are cells the fundamental unit of life

A

they make up everything and contain DNA

22
Q

how are animal plants similar and different

A

similar: ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm/cytosol
different: plants have chloroplasts and a cell wall

23
Q

function of cholorplasts

A

site of photosynthesis

24
Q

what types of microscopes are there

A

compound light, confocal, transmission electron, scanning electron

25
Q

why do you use low power first with a microscope

A

so you can center in on what you want to see before you zoom in closer

26
Q

what makes a plant a plant

A

autotrophs, photosynthesis, alternation of generations

27
Q

what is vascular tissue

A

tubes that transport sugar, water, and minerals

28
Q

xylem

A

transports water and minerals via vascular tissue from roots to leavers

29
Q

phloem

A

transports sugar via vascular tissue to roots and nongreen parts of a plant

30
Q

how are algae and plants similar

A

chloroplasts have same pigments, cell walls, starch

31
Q

differences between ferns and bryophytes

A

ferns are taller, have true roots stems and leaves

32
Q

alternation of generations

A

multicellular diploid stage alternates with a multicellular haploid stage

33
Q

diploid

A

2 full sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

34
Q

haploid

A

1 set of chromosomes

35
Q

impact of plants on the planet

A

food and habitat, O2, remove CO2, humans uses

36
Q

what is the purpose of flowers

A

to attract pollinators so they can spread pollen and reproduce

37
Q

animal characteristics

A

multicellular, eukaryotic cells, heterotrophs, reproduction is cells dividing rapidly, cells secrete and bind to extracellular matrix

38
Q

asymmetry

A

not symmetrical

39
Q

bilateral

A

1 plane divides into mirror images

40
Q

radial

A

multiple body parts arrange around center axis

41
Q

coelom

A

fluid filled body cavity

42
Q

pseudocoelom

A

types of coelom, partly lined

43
Q

hydrostatic skeleton

A

type of coelom, muscles push against fluidba

44
Q

basic types of phylum representatives (9)

A

porifera (sponges), cnidaria (jellyfish), platyhelminthes (flatworms), nematoda (roundworms), annelida (segmented worms), mollusca (mollusks), arthropoda (insects), echinodermata (starfish), chordata (humans)

45
Q

most successful phylum

A

athropoda

46
Q

characteristics of chordata

A

notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, postanal tail

bio 111 (4 decks)

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