exam 1

Question 1

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 1

Myelination in the CNS

Question 2

Schwann cell

Answer 2

Myelination in the PNS, Role in neural regeneration

Question 3

Microglia

Answer 3

Immune system responsibilities role in cell death, synapse formation, and synapse elimination

Question 4

Astroglia

Answer 4

Largest glial cells perform multiple functions

Question 5

Cell Body

Answer 5

It is almost circular and contains a spherical nucleus in its center, the metabolic center of the neuron

Question 6

Dendrites

Answer 6

Branches that arise from the tip of the projections in the cell body, they are short processes and receive most of the synaptic contacts from other neurons

Question 7

Cell Membrane

Answer 7

the semipermeable layer that encases the neuron

Question 8

Axon

Answer 8

The long, narrow string-like part of a neuron that projects from the cell body

Question 9

Axon Hillock

Answer 9

the cone-shaped region at the junction between the axon and the cell body

Question 10

Myelin

Answer 10

the fatty insulation around axons

Question 11

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 11

the gaps between sections of myelin where the axon exposed

Question 12

Buttons

Answer 12

bulbous endings of the axon branches, which release chemicals into synapses

Question 13

Synapses

Answer 13

the gaps between adjacent neurons across which chemical signals are transmitted

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

a system of folded membranes with rough portions containing ribosomes

Question 15

Cytoplasm

Answer 15

the clear internal fluid of cell

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

internal cellular structure on which proteins are synthesized

Question 17

Golgi Complex

Answer 17

a connected system of membranes that package molecules in vesicles

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

the spherical DNA containing membrane bound structure of the cell body

Question 19

Mitochondria

Answer 19

sites of aerobic respiration (oxygen-consuming energy release)

Question 20

Microtubules

Answer 20

responsible for rapid transport of material throughout the cell

Question 21

Synaptic Vesicles

Answer 21

spherical membrane packages that store neurotransmitter molecules ready for release

Question 22

Neurotransmitters

Answer 22

molecules that are released from active neurons and influence the activity of other cells

Question 23

Spinal Chord

Answer 23

long column of nerve tissue that connects many parts of the body to the brain