Ex. Phys. Unit 4

Question 1

Central Nervous system

Answer 1

Includes the brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

efferent neurons

Answer 2

conduct impulses outward from the brain or spinal cord

Question 3

afferent neurons

Answer 3

enter the spinal cord via the dorsal root

Question 4

action potential

Answer 4

the change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell

Question 5

all-or-none principle

Answer 5

If the stimulus exceeds the threshold potential, the nerve or muscle fiber will give a complete response; otherwise, there is no response.

Question 6

autonomic nervous system

Answer 6

part of the periphreal nervous system that controls the unconscious functions of the body.

Question 7

Golgi tendon organs

Answer 7

a spindle-shaped sensory end organ within a tendon that provides information about muscle tension

Question 8

temporal summation

Answer 8

additive effect of successive stimuli from an axon

Question 9

proprioceptors

Answer 9

specialized sensory receptors sensitive to stretch, tension, and pressure.

Question 10

myofilament

Answer 10

structures made up from the proteins actin and myosin

Question 11

myofibrils

Answer 11

slender threads of a muscle fiber, composed of numerous myofilaments

Question 12

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

an extensive interconnecting network of tubular channels and vesicles

Question 13

concentric contraction

Answer 13

muscle shortening during force application

Question 14

eccentric contraction

Answer 14

muscle lengthening occurs during force application

Question 15

Isometric contraction

Answer 15

muscle action without noticeable change in muscle length

Question 16

Isokinetic contraction

Answer 16

muscle action performed at constant angular limb velocity

Question 17

plyometrics

Answer 17

rapid stretching followed by shortening of a muscle group during dynamic movement

Question 18

Fiber Hypertrophy

Answer 18

increased muscle fiber size

Question 19

Fiber Hyperplasia

Answer 19

increased muscle fiber number

Question 20

isotonic contraction

Answer 20

muscle contraction without appreciable change in the force of contraction; the distance between the muscle’s origin and insertion becomes lessened

Question 21

delayed onset muscle soreness

Answer 21

pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours to days after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise.

Question 22

periodization

Answer 22

organizing resistance training into phases of different types of exercise done at varying intensities and volumes for a specific time period.