Events in Wider War Flashcards
What was the Gallipoli campaign?
Allied attempt to open up another campaign to draw Germans away from Western Front
What were the aims of the Gallipoli campaign?
- Secure Black Sea ports to get supplies to Russia
- Break stalemate on Western Front by causing Germany to support Turkey
How many soldiers did Lord Kitchener send to Gallipoli and why was this an issue?
70,000 - was meant to send 150,00
Gallipoli campaign: what happened when the British arrived?
Turkish resistance was much stronger than anticipated
What happened to soldiers at Gallipoli?
- Contracted dysentery from contaminated water, heat
- Froze to death in winter
How did Gallipoli significantly impact the War?
- Diverted Turkey from helping G or A-H
- British submarines sunk Turkish warships -> weakened them
What was the aim of the War at Sea?
Secure sea to get supplies to civilians + soldiers
Why were G and B reluctant to engage in the War at Sea?
Feared navies being destroyed
How was the War at Sea a blockade?
North Sea declared as a war zone, so any ship in area could be seized
How was Germany’s industry damaged during the War at Sea?
Lack of coal, oil and steel
How did the War at Sea impact German civilian lives?
- Lack of fertilisers led to famine
- Lack of medicines led to illness
How many Germans starved during the War at Sea?
420,000
How did the War at Sea lead to lack of support for the War?
Suffering in German caused people to turn against it
What was the aim of the Battle of Jutland?
Defeat British navy (Germans)
What was the plan for the Battle of Jutland?
Germans would send ships to entice British to open, surround and trap them
Why did the German plan for the Battle of Jutland fail?
British decoded German messages
BoJ: How many British ships were lost before the full German fleet came out?
3
What was the outcome of the Battle of Jutland for the Germans?
Claimed victory due to number of British casualties and ships destroyed
What was the outcome of the Battle of Jutland for the British?
Claimed victory as German fled and never emerged from the German harbour for the rest of the war
What was the German U-boat campaign?
Germans using U-boats to target poorly-defended British cargo ships
How did the British try to deal with the U-boats?
- Lay mines
- Use Q-ships to trap U-boats
U-boat campaign: why were the British unsuccessful at first?
U-boats were very effective and the British had only 6 weeks of food left in 1917
U-boat campaign: what ‘system’ helped the British against the U-boat attacks?
Convoy system - with support from US ships, aircraft and warship
U-boat campaign: What US cruise liner was sunk by the Germans?
Lusitania
What was the outcome of the U-boat campaigns?
- Stopped Allies running out of food
- Sinking of the Lusitania caused America to join war at a crucial time for the Allies
