Estrus synch

Question 1

Proestrus
-hormone activity
-time frame

Answer 1

-decreasing progesterone
-increasing estrogen
-1-3 days

Question 2

estrus
-hormone activity
-time frame

Answer 2

-highest level of E2
-spike in LH for ovulation
-<1 day(ends with ovulation)

Question 3

metestrus
-hormone activity
-time frame

Answer 3

-increase P4(formation of CL)
-decrease E2, FSH, LH
-5 days

Question 4

Diestrus
-hormone activity
-time frame

Answer 4

-highest level of P4
-low E2, FSH, LH
-longest phase

Question 5

sections of estrous

Answer 5

-proestrus
-estrus
-metestrus
-diestrus
-proestrus(cycle restarts)

Question 6

2 phases of estrous cycle

Answer 6

-follicular
-Luteal

Question 7

sections in follicular phase

Answer 7

-proestrus
-estrus

Question 8

sections in luteal phase

Answer 8

-metestrus
-diestrus

Question 9

polyestrous

Answer 9

no defined breeding season/multiple estrous cycles throughout the year
Ex: cow, sow, rat

Question 10

seasonally polyestrous

Answer 10

has an anovulatory period but multiple estrus cycles during distinct seasonal periods
Ex: Sheep(short day), horse(long day)

Question 11

which animal does not have a 21 day estrous cycle, how long is it?

Answer 11

ewe, 17 days

Question 12

two primary causes of low reproductive efficiency/performance

Answer 12

-failure to detect heat
-errors in heat detection

Question 13

consequences of improper heat detection

Answer 13

-longer calving intervals(lower lifetime milk production, fewer claves)
-decreased conception rates(wasted semen)
-accidental culling of normal animals
-inseminating pregnant females mistakenly identified in heat may cause abortion

Question 14

cow estrus detection

Answer 14

-30 minutes in the morning 30 minutes in the evening
-standing to be mounted
-swollen vulva
-clear mucus secretion

Question 15

am/pm rule

Answer 15

cows seen in heat in the morning will be inseminated in the evening, vice versa

Question 16

ewe estrus detection

Answer 16

-restlessness (“seeking” ram)
-urination in the presence of ram

Question 17

Teaser animals

Answer 17

in tact males incapable of impregnating female that identify females in heat.
must have strong libido

Question 17

marking aids

Answer 17

-chinball marker
-heat-mount detector patches
-marking harnes

Question 17

mare estrus detection

Answer 17

-increased locomotion/tail erected(“flagging”)

Question 17

heatwatch

Answer 17

-placed on the tailhead of females
-records when female is mounted
-software failure can present as no females in heat

Question 17

sow estrus detection

Answer 17

-mild restlessness
-immobilization in response to back pressure
-swollen vulva

Question 18

boar exposure

Answer 18

-physical presence(sound, smell) of boar
-gilts exposed between 160-180 days, start cycling within 21 days
-combined with PG600 estrus starts in 5-10 days

Question 19

matrix

Answer 19

-orally active progesterone
-feed for 14 days, estrus 4-9 days after removal from feed
-used for sows and gilts

Question 20

effective weaningprocedure for pigs

Answer 20

-wean piglets 21 days after birth
-come in heat 4-10 days

Question 21

medications for progesterone

Answer 21

-CIDR
-MGA(feed)

Question 22

medications for PGF2a

Answer 22

-Estrumate
-Prostamate
-Lutalyse

Question 23

medications for GnRH

Answer 23

-Fertagyl
-Factrel
-Cystorelin