Essential Tune Up Flashcards
1
Q
What was the first vintage of Clos des Goisses?
A
1935
2
Q
What was the first vintage of Clos de Mesnil?
A
1979
3
Q
What was the first vintage of Clos d’Ambonnay?
A
1995
4
Q
What was the first vintage of Dom Perignon?
A
1921
5
Q
What was the first vintage of Clos du Moulin?
A
1952
6
Q
What was the first vintage of Les Chétillons from Pierre Peters?
A
1971
7
Q
What was the first vintage of Grand Sendrée?
A
1975
8
Q
What was the first vintage of Cuvée Louis?
A
1982
9
Q
What was the first vintage of Les Béguines?
A
1998
10
Q
What was the first vintage of Les Ursules?
A
2000
11
Q
What was the first vintage of Venus?
A
2001
12
Q
What was the first vintage of Blanc d’Argile?
A
2004
13
Q
What was the first vintage of Emmanuel Brochet’s Le Mont Benoit?
A
2002
14
Q
What was the first vintage of rosé Cristal?
A
1974
15
Q
When did Cristal first become commercially available?
A
1945
16
Q
What was the first vintage of Cristal created for Alexander II of Russia?
A
1876
17
Q
What was the first vintage of rosé Dom Perignon?
A
1959
18
Q
What was the first vintage of Ygrec?
A
1959
19
Q
What was the first vintage of Harlan Estate?
A
1990
20
Q
What was the first vintage of Opus One?
A
1978
21
Q
What was the first vintage of Ridge “Monte Bello”?
A
1962
22
Q
What was the first vintage of Heitz “Martha’s Vineyard”?
A
1966
23
Q
What was the first vintage of Philip Togni Cabernet Sauvignon?
A
1983
24
Q
What was the first vintage of Stags Leap Wine Cellars?
A
1972
25
What was the first vintage of Stony Hill Vineyard?
1952
26
What was the first vintage of Williams-Selyem Winery?
1984
27
What was the first vintage of Rochioli Winery?
1985
28
What was the first vintage of Peay Vineyards?
2002
29
What was the first vintage of Kistler?
1979
30
What was the first vintage of Hanzell Vineyards?
1957
31
What was the first vintage of Massican winery?
2009
32
What was the first vintage of Screaming Eagle?
1992
33
What was the first vintage of Diamond Creek?
1968
34
What was the first vintage of Dominus?
1983
35
What was the first vintage of Colgin?
1992
36
What was the first vintage of Ghost Horse?
2000
37
What was the first vintage of Scarecrow?
2003
38
What was the first vintage of Clos du Val?
1972
39
What was the first vintage of Guigal's La Landonne?
1978
40
What was the first vintage of Guigal's La Mouline?
1966
41
What was the first vintage of Guigal's La Turque?
1985
42
What was the first vintage of Chave's "Ermitage Cuvée Cathelin?"
1990
43
What was the first vintage of Brunello?
1888
44
What was the first vintage of Sassicaia?
1968
45
What was the first vintage of Tignanello?
1971
46
What was the first vintage of Solaia?
1978
47
What was the first vintage of Guado al Tasso?
1990
48
What was the first vintage of SummuS?
1985
49
What was the first vintage of Fontalloro?
1983
50
What was the first vintage of Flaccianello della Pieve?
1981
51
What was the first vintage of Cepparello?
1980
52
What was the first vintage of Le Pergole Torte?
1977
53
What was the first vintage of Vigorello?
1968
54
What was the first vintage of Silex?
1985
55
What was the first vintage of Penfold's Grange?
1951
56
What was the first vintage of Le Cigare Volant made by Bonny Doon?
1984
57
What was the first vintage of Cuvée Duvault Blochet?
1934
58
What was the first vintage of Seppeltsfield Grand Tawny?
1878
59
What was the first vintage of Dom Ruinart?
1959
60
What was the first vintage of Krug Rosé?
1983
61
What was the first vintage of Sir Winston Churchill?
1975
62
What was the first vintage of Cuvée Elisabeth Salmon?
1988
63
What was the first vintage of Cuvée Nicolas François Billecart?
1955
64
What was the first vintage of "Vielles Vignes Françaises"?
1969
65
What was the first vintage of "R.D."?
1952
66
What was the first vintage of "Fleur de Passion"?
1995
67
What was the first vintage of "Charles de Gaulle"?
1990
68
What was the first vintage of "Celebris"?
1988
69
What was the first vintage of "Femme de Champagne"?
1990
70
What was the first vintage of "Nec-Plus-Ultra"?
1990
71
What was the first vintage of "La Grande Dame"?
1969
72
What was the first vintage of "La Grande Dame" Rosé?
1988
73
What was the first vintage of "Comtes de Champagne"?
1952
74
What was the first vintage of "Comtes de Champagne" Rosé?
1973
75
What was the first vintage of "Coeur de Cuvée"?
1989
76
What was the first vintage of Clos St-Hilaire?
1995
77
What was the first vintage of "Terre de Vertus"?
1995
78
What was the first vintage of Corne Bautray?
1995
79
What was the first vintage of Vauzelle Terme?
1996
80
What was the first vintage of Champ Cain?
2002
81
What was the first vintage of "Terres Rouges" Rosé?
2002
82
What was the first vintage of "Cuvée Louis"?
1982
83
What was the first vintage of Penfolds Bin 707 Cabernet Sauvignon?
1964
84
What was the first vintage of Penfolds Bin 389 Cabernet Shiraz?
1960
85
What was the first vintage of Penfolds Bin 28 Kalimna Shiraz?
1959
86
What was the first vintage of Penfolds Bin 128 Coonawarra Shiraz?
1962
87
What is a hogshead?
300L American oak barrel used in Barossa.
88
What is a puncheon?
450-500 L barrel used in Australia
89
What is the name of the 300L American oak barrel used in Barossa?
hogshead
90
What is the name of the 450-500L barrel used in Australia?
puncheon
91
How many liters is an American Oak Whiskey Barrel?
190L
92
What is a gönc?
Hungarian oak barrel (136L) used for the production of Tokaji wine
93
What is the Hungarian oak barrel used for the production of Tokaji?
gönc||-136L
94
How many liters are in a gönc?
136L
95
What is a Tonneau in Italy?
550L barrel
96
What is a Tino in Italy?
large vertical cask||-size is variable
97
What is the 550 l barrel called in Italy?
Tonneau
98
What is Caratelli?
50-225L barrel used for Vin Santo production
99
What is the name of the 50-225 L barrel used for Vin Santo production
Caratelli
100
What is the range of size for Caratelli barrels used for Vin Santo Production?
50-225 L
101
How many liters are a shipping pipe used for Marsala?
423 L||-418 in Madeira
102
How many liters are a shipping pipe used for Madeira?
418 L||-423 in Marsala
103
What are the barrels used for shipping Madeira and Marsala called?
Pipe||-418L in Madeira|-423L in Marsala
104
How many liters are a shipping pipe used for Port?
534.24 L
105
How many liters are in a production and aging pipe used for Port?
550-630 L
106
What is a Bota Chica?
500L shipping butt in Jerez
107
What is the name of the 500L shipping butt in Jerez ?
Bota Chica
108
What is a Butt in Jerez?
600-650L barrel
109
What is the name of the 600L barrel in Jerez ?
Butt
110
What is a Stück?
Barrel of the Rheingau, holding 1200 L
111
What is the name of the 1200 L barrel in the Rheingau?
Stück
112
What is a Fuder?
1000 L cask common in Mosel
113
What is the name of the 1000 L cask used in the Mosel?
Fuder
114
What is the name of the 600 L cask used in the Southern Rhone?
Demi-Muid
115
How many liters is in a Demi-Muid?
600 L
116
Where in France are Demi-Muid the most common?
Southern Rhone
117
How many liters is a barrel in Champagne?
205 L
118
What is a pièce in Burgundy?
228 L barrel used in Burgundy
119
What is a pièce in Armagnac?
400-420 L
120
What two areas of France are famous for using a "pièce" and how are the different in the respective areas?
Burgundy|Armagnac||*Burgundy-228 L|*Armagnac-400-420 L
121
What is the name of the 228 L barrel used in Burgundy?
pièce
122
What is the name of the 400-420 L barrel used in Armagnac?
pièce
123
How many liters is a barrel in Cognac?
350 L (modern size)
124
What is a Quartaut?
57 L barrel used in the Côte d'Or
125
What is the name of the 57 L barrel used in the Côte d'Or?
Quartaut
126
What is a Feuillette in the Côte d'Or?
114 L barrel
127
What is a Feuillette in Chablis?
132 L barrel
128
Is a Feuillette bigger in Chablis or the Côte d'Or?
Chablis||-132 L|-Côte d'Or 114 L
129
How many liters are in a barrique in Bordeaux?
225 L
130
What is the minimum potential alcohol for white Rioja DOCa?
10.5%||-Red Grapes: 11%
131
What is the minimum potential alcohol for red Rioja DOCa?
11%||-White Grapes: 10.5%
132
What is the minimum abv. for white Rioja DOCa (all levels of aging)?
10.5% (11% for Reserva or Gran Reserva)||-without subzone designation
133
What is the minimum abv. for red Rioja DOCa (all levels of aging)?
11.5% (12% for Reserva or Gran Reserva)||-without subzone designation
134
How are the abv. requirements for red and white wine without subzone designation from the Rioja DOCa different for Crianza, Reserva, and Gran Reserva?
White|10.5% (11% for Reserva or Gran Reserva)|-without subzone designation||Red|11.5% (12% for Reserva or Gran Reserva)|-without subzone designation||*|Rioja (with subzone designation):||Blanco Alta/Alavesa: 11%|Blanco Baja: 11.5%|Rosado Alta/Alavesa: 10.5%|Rosado Baja/Oriental: 11%|Tinto Alta/Alavesa: 11.5%|Tinto Baja: 12%
135
What is the minimum abv. for white Rioja DOCa with a subzone designation?
Alta/Alavesa: 11%|Oriental: 11.5%
136
What is the minimum abv. for red Rioja DOCa with a subzone designation?
Alta/Alavesa: 11.5%|Oriental: 12%
137
What is the minimum abv. for rosado Rioja DOCa with a subzone designation?
Alta/Alavesa: 10.5%|Oriental: 11%
138
What are the required abv. ranges for the base wines of Cava and the finished wines?
Base Wines: 9.5-11.5%|Cava: 10.8-12.8%
139
What is the minimum abv. for Blanc Priorat DOQ?
13%
140
What is the minimum abv. for Rosat Priorat DOQ?
13%
141
What is the minimum abv. for Negre Priorat DOQ?
13.50%
142
What is the minimum abv. for Vino Rancio/Vino Dulce Natural/Mistela Priorat DOQ?
15%
143
What is the abv. requirement for "Albariño" from the Rías-Baixas DO?
11.3%|*|Blanco Barrica: 11.5%|All Other Blanco Wines: 11%
144
What is the minimum potential and acquired alcohol requirement for Vino Tostado in the Ribeiro DO?
20.6% potential|13% acquired
145
What is the required abv. range for the Toro DO?
12.5-15%
146
What is the abv. requirement for Rueda Dorado?
min. 15%
147
What is the abv. requirement for red wine from Ribera del Duero?
min. 11.5%
148
What is the min. abv. for Ribera del Duero Tinto vs Rioja?
Ribera del Duero: 11.5%||Rioja: 11.5% (12% for Reserva and Gran Reserva)
149
What is the abv. requirement for Amontillado, Palo Cortado, and Oloroso in the Montilla-Moriles DO?
16-22%
150
What is the minimum potential and acquired abv. of the Sauternes AOP?
15% (12% acquired)
151
What is the required abv. for Reserva or Reserva Especial wine from Chile?
12%
152
What is the minimum ABV requirement for any wine from Chile?
11.50%
153
What is the required abv. for Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva wine from Chile?
12.5% ABV
154
What is the required abv. for Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG?
14% ||-grapes are harvested at 11% natural potential alcohol, then dried to achieve 14%
155
What is the required abv. for Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG?
12% ||-Grapes are harvested at a minimum 11% natural potential alcohol, then dried to achieve at least 14% potential alcohol, with an actual, acquired minimum alcohol of 12%.
156
What is the abv. requirement for the Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOP?
12.50%
157
What is the abv. requirement for the Gigondas AOP?
12.50%
158
What is the abv. requirement for the Vacqueyras AOP?
12.50%
159
What is the abv. requirement for the Château-Grillet AOP?
11.50%
160
What is the abv. requirement for the Condrieu AOP?
11.5% ||-13% acquired alcohol required for wines with at least 45 g/l of residual sugar
161
What is the potential abv. requirement for the Cornas AOP?
10.50%
162
What is the potential abv. requirement for the Crozes-Hermitage AOP?
10.50%
163
What is the potential abv. requirement for the Côte-Rôtie AOP?
10.50%
164
What is the potential abv. requirement for white wine in the Hermitage AOP?
Blanc: 11%||-Rouge: 10.5%
165
What is the potential abv. requirement for red wine in the Hermitage AOP?
Rouge: 10.5%||-Blanc: 11%
166
What is the potential AND actual abv. requirement for "Vin de Paille" in the Hermitage AOP?
Vin de Paille: 19.5% (12.5% acquired)
167
What is the potential abv. requirement for the Saint-Joseph AOP?
10.50%
168
What is the potential abv. requirement for white and rosé wine in the Bandol AOP?
Blanc/Rosé: 11.5%||-Rouge: 12%
169
What is the potential abv. requirement for red wine in the Bandol AOP?
Rouge: 12%||-Blanc/Rosé: 11.5%
170
What is the potential abv. requirement for the Bordeaux Left Bank AOPs?
11%||Bordeaux AOP: 10.5 %
171
What is the potential abv. requirement for base wine in the Champagne AOP?
9%
172
What is the potential AND actual abv. requirement for "Vin de Paille" in the Côtes du Jura AOP?
19% (14% acquired)
173
What is the difference in minimum potential alcohol for Petit Chablis, Chablis, Chablis "Premier Cru", and Chablis Grand Cru?
Petit Chablis: 9.5%|Chablis: 10%|Chablis "Premier Cru": 10.5%|Chablis Grand Cru: 11%
174
What is the minimum potential alcohol for Chablis "Premier Cru"?
10.5%||-Petit Chablis: 9.5%|-Chablis: 10%|-Chablis Grand Cru: 11%
175
What is the minimum potential alcohol for Chablis Grand Cru?
11%||-Petit Chablis: 9.5%|-Chablis: 10%|-Chablis "Premier Cru": 10.5%
176
What is the minimum potential alcohol for Chablis?
10%||Petit Chablis: 9.5%|Chablis "Premier Cru": 10.5%|Chablis Grand Cru: 11%
177
What is the minimum potential alcohol for all of the 1er Cru white wine in the Côte Chalonnaise AOPs except for Bouzeron AOP?
Blanc "Premier Cru": 11.5%||-Blanc: 11%
178
What is the minimum potential alcohol for all of the non-1er Cru white wine in the Côte Chalonnaise AOPs except for Bouzeron AOP?
Blanc: 11%||-Blanc "Premier Cru": 11.5%
179
What is the minimum potential alcohol for all of the 1er Cru red wine in the Côte Chalonnaise AOPs?
Rouge "Premier Cru": 11%||-Rouge: 10.5%
180
What is the minimum potential alcohol for all of the non-1er Cru red wine in the Côte Chalonnaise AOPs?
Rouge: 10.5%||-Rouge "Premier Cru": 11%
181
What are the minimum abv. % for white and red non-1er Cru wine in the Côte d'Or?
Blanc: 11%|Rouge: 10.5%|||-Blanc "Premier Cru": 11.5%|-Rouge "Premier Cru": 11%
182
What are the minimum abv. % for white and red 1er Cru wine in the Côte d'Or?
Blanc "Premier Cru": 11.5%|Rouge "Premier Cru": 11%||-Blanc: 11%|-Rouge: 10.5%
183
How does the minimum potential alcohol requirement for Chablis "1er Cru" versus the Côte Chalonnaise "1er Cru" white wine?
Chablis "1er Cru": 10.5%|Côte Chalonnaise "1er Cru": 11.5%
184
What is the minimum potential alcohol for Mâcon Blanc?
Mâcon Blanc: 10%|Mâcon Rouge/Rosé: 10%||Mâcon Villages: 10.5%||Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Blanc): 11%|Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Rouge/Rosé): 10.5%
185
What is the minimum potential alcohol for Mâcon Rouge/Rosé?
Mâcon Blanc: 10%|Mâcon Rouge/Rosé: 10%||Mâcon Villages: 10.5%||Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Blanc): 11%|Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Rouge/Rosé): 10.5%
186
What is the minimum potential alcohol for Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Blanc)?
Mâcon Blanc: 10%|Mâcon Rouge/Rosé: 10%||Mâcon Villages: 10.5%||Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Blanc): 11%|Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Rouge/Rosé): 10.5%
187
What is the minimum potential alcohol for Mâcon Villages?
Mâcon Blanc: 10%|Mâcon Rouge/Rosé: 10%||Mâcon Villages: 10.5%||Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Blanc): 11%|Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Rouge/Rosé): 10.5%
188
What is the minimum potential alcohol for Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Rouge/Rosé)?
Mâcon Blanc: 10%|Mâcon Rouge/Rosé: 10%||Mâcon Villages: 10.5%||Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Blanc): 11%|Mâcon w/ Geo. Des. (Rouge/Rosé): 10.5%
189
All of the white wine only AOPs of the Mâconnais have the same minimum potential alcohol except for which one?
Viré-Clessé AOP|*|Blanc: 11.5%|Blanc with indication of climat: 12%|Blanc Levrouté: 15%|*|all the rest->|Blanc: 11%|Blanc with indication of climat: 12%
190
Which AOPs of the Mâconnais have the same minimum potential alcohol requirements and what are they?
Pouilly-Fuissé AOP|Pouilly-Loché AOP|Pouilly-Vinzelles AOP|Saint-Véran AOP|*|Blanc: 11%|Blanc with indication of climat: 12%||*|Viré-Clessé AOP|Blanc: 11.5%|Blanc with indication of climat: 12%|Blanc Levrouté: 15%
191
What are the minimum potential alcohol requirements for Viré-Clessé AOP
Blanc: 11.5%|Blanc with indication of climat: 12%|Blanc Levrouté: 15%||-All other white wine only AOPs of the Mâconnais|Blanc: 11%|Blanc with indication of climat: 12%
192
What is the minimum potential alcohol for Bouzeron AOP?
10%||-minimum potential alcohol for all of the non-1er Cru white wine in the Côte Chalonnaise AOPs is 11%
193
Which AOP in the Côte Chalonnaise has a minimum potential alcohol requirement of 10% for all wine?
Bouzeron AOP
194
Which Grand Cru AOPs of the Côte de Beaune have a 12% abv. requirement and which ones have a 11.5% requirement?
Corton AOP 12% (Pot. abv.)|Corton-Charlemagne AOP 12% |Charlemagne AOP 12% |Chevalier-Montrachet AOP 12% |Montrachet AOP 12% |*|Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet AOP 11.5% (Pot. abv.)|Bâtard-Montrachet AOP 11.5% (Pot. abv.)|Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet AOP 11.5% (Pot. abv.)|||-Musigny Blanc: 12%
195
All of the Côte de Nuits Grand Cru AOPs have abv. requirements of what?
Rouge: 11.5%||-some are potential abv. requirements and some are actual.
196
What is the potential abv. requirement for Bourgueil AOP?
10.50%
197
What is the potential abv. requirement for Chinon AOP?
10.50%
198
What is the potential abv. requirement for Saumur-Champigny AOP?
10.50%
199
What is the potential abv. requirement for "Sec" wines from the Savennières AOP?
11.5% (11% acquired)|*|Coulée de Serrant AOP - 12.5% (11.5% acquired)|Roche Aux Moines AOP - 12.5% (11.5% acquired)
200
What is the potential abv. requirement for "Sec" wines from the Savennières Coulée de Serrant AOP?
12.5% (11.5% acquired)|*|Savennières AOP - 11.5% (11% acquired)
201
What is the potential abv. requirement for "Sec" wines from the Savennières Roche Aux Moines AOP?
12.5% (11.5% acquired)|*|Savennières AOP - 11.5% (11% acquired)
202
What is the potential abv. requirement for Vouvray AOP?
11%||Montlouis-sur-Loire AOP - 10.5%
203
What is the potential abv. requirement for Montlouis-sur-Loire AOP?
10.5%||Vouvray AOP - 11%
204
What is the abv. requirement for the Barbaresco DOCG?
12.5%||-Barolo DOCG: 13% (12.5% potential at harvest)
205
What is the abv. requirement for the Barolo DOCG?
13% (12.5% potential at harvest)||-Barbaresco DOCG: 12.5%
206
What is the abv. requirement for the Chianti and the Chianti Riserva DOCG
Chianti: 11.5%|Chianti Riserva: 12%||Classico|Chianti: 12%|Chianti Riserva: 12.5%|Gran Selezione: 13%
207
What is the abv. requirement for the Chianti Classico, Chianti Classico Riserva, and Gran Selezione?
Chianti: 12%|Chianti Riserva: 12.5%|Gran Selezione: 13%||non-Classico|Chianti: 11.5%|Chianti Riserva: 12%
208
What is the abv. requirement for the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano and the Riserva?
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano: 12.5%|Riserva: 13%||Chianti Classico|Chianti: 12%|Chianti Riserva: 12.5%|Gran Selezione: 13%
209
What is the abv. requirement for the Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?
12.5%||Chianti Classico|Chianti: 12%|Chianti Riserva: 12.5%|Gran Selezione: 13%
210
Between the years 2000 and 2004, what is considered the best vintage for Northern Rhone red wine?
2001
211
What are the best 3 vintages of Austria dry whites in the 1990s?
1990|1997|1999
212
What are the three best vintages for Burgenland botrytis wines since 2000?
2005|2010|2015
213
What are the 3 best vintages of the Northern Rhone in the 70's?
1976|1978|1979
214
What are the 4 best vintages of the Northern Rhone in the 80's?
1982|1985|1988|1989||*1989 |A drought year, irregular in Cornas, otherwise rich and opulent.||*1988 |Unfairly overshadowed by 1989 and 1990, with majestic Côte-Rôties for long ageing.
215
What are the 3 best vintages of the Northern Rhone in the 90's?
1990|1995|1999||*1999 |Exceptional quality. A sunny harvest saw good quantities of healthy grapes - a cause for real celebration in the northern Rhône. Quality is at least as good as 1998 (some compare it with 1947) and the quantity was much higher
216
What are the 3 best vintages of the Northern Rhone in the 00's?
2005|2009|2010||*2010 |Low yields of exceptionally good quality. One of the very best years in the northern Rhône - possibly the best in history!
217
What are the 2 best vintages of the Northern Rhone since 2010?
2015|2016||*Universally viewed as a vintage with top quality potential. Guigal will produce their special Condrieu cuvée Luminescence for only the third time (previous vintages were 1999 and 2003). For reds, maintaining freshness and avoiding over-extraction is the key to quality with such ripe fruit.
218
What are the 3 best vintages of Bordeaux in the 60's?
1961|1962|1966||* 1961 A legendary Bordeaux vintage. Big, concentrated and tannic in their youth, numerous great wines were produced in the Medoc, the Right Bank and Pessac Leognan. If well stored, many of these wines are still offering great pleasure today.
219
What are the 3 best vintages of Bordeaux in the 70's?
1970|1975|1978||*1978 |A perfect autumn saved the crop. The big left bank names are strongest.
220
What are the 5 best vintages of Bordeaux in the 80's?
1982|1985|1986|1988|1989||*1989 |Seemed an unusually hot summer at the time, producing a huge crop of rich, opulent, expensive wines, drinking astonishingly well young. Some very good right bank wines indeed. And an exceptional year for Haut-Brion.
221
What are the 4 best vintages of Bordeaux in the 90's?
1990|1995|1996|1998||*1990 |Second scorching year in a row. Very ripe, alluring wines at all levels, many outstanding. The vintage character of velvety texture and luscious, almost overripe fruit is one of the easiest to spot and tends to impose itself over any geographical characteristics.
222
What are the 4 best vintages of Bordeaux in the 00's?
2000|2005|2009|2010||* 2009|'Vintage of the decade/century'? This growing season seemed to have it all. A long, fine, warm summer but, crucially, with refreshing nights to help retain acidity. Dramatically ripe, voluptuous wines, especially on the left bank.
223
What are the 2 best vintages of Bordeaux since 2010?
2015|2016||*2016 |The quality of red Bordeaux in 2016 was universally lauded. Quantity was high too. An exceptionally dry summer with cool nights eventually, thanks to mid September rain, resulted in small, thick-skinned, ripe grapes, and the wines are marked by high tannin and acidity, with superb aromatic fragrance.
224
What are the 3 best vintages of White Burgundy in the '80s?
1985|1986|1989||*1989|A medium-sized crop produced spectacularly rich and horribly expensive wines.
225
What are the 3 best vintages of White Burgundy in the '90s?
1990|1995|1996||*1996|As with the reds, acidity is the keynote. The best-balanced are stunning but some are a bit meagre.
226
What are the 4 best vintages of White Burgundy in the '00s?
2002|2005|2008|2010||*2010|High acidity, after the more opulent style of the 2009s. A small, ripe crop - although a storm in early September did produce some rot, so sorting was crucial - as ever.
227
What are the 4 best vintages of White Burgundy since 2010?
2015|2014|2012|2011
228
What is considered the best Red Burgundy vintage of the 70's?
1978||*1978|A late but uniformly good crop. Top growers made breathtaking wines. Now very rare.
229
What are the 3 best vintages of Red Burgundy in the '80s?
1985|1988|1989||*1989|Nearly up to 1990, if not as intense. Some real charmers.
230
What are the 4 best vintages of Red Burgundy in the '90s?
1990|1993|1995|1996||*1990|A great success: rich and fragrant. The top vineyards made majestic wines but some lesser wines lacked lusciousness.
231
What are the 4 best vintages of Red Burgundy in the '00s?
2002|2005|2009|2010||*2002|Good vintage. Summer was not especially hot, though it was reasonably dry. Sugar levels were boosted in September but some grapes were adversely affected by scattered rains then. Sugar levels were quite respectable in the end and most wines showed their charms at an early stage.
232
What are the 4 best vintages of Red Burgundy since 2010?
2012|2014|2015|2016||*2012|Blighted by rot, as a damp summer across Europe made conditions hard for vignerons, with mildew a particular problem. The weather was erratic and bizarre, with heatwaves, hail, a cold spring, thunderstorms and all manner of meteorological mischief. The net results are very low volumes of variable quality - but overall vignerons are surprised and delighted by what resulted. One hallmark of 2012 looks to be soft tannins.
233
What was the best Sauternes vintage of the 50's?
1958||*Concentrated, lots of botrytis
234
What was the best Sauternes vintage of the 60's?
1967||*Classic; long-lived, everything is there
235
What were the 2 best Sauternes vintage of the 70's?
1975|1976||*1975|Harmonious, lively, spicy and sweet
236
What were the 2 worst vintages for Sauternes in the 70's?
1974|1972
237
What was the worst vintage of Sauternes in the 60's?
1964
238
What were the 2 worst vintages for Sauternes in the 50's?
1951|1952
239
What was the best Sauternes vintage of the 40's?
1947
240
What was the best Sauternes vintage of the 30's?
1937
241
What was the worst vintage of Sauternes in the 30's?
1930
242
Between 1910 and 1920, when did Château d'Yquem not produce any wine?
1910|1915
243
What are the 4 best vintages of Sauternes in the '80s?
1983|1986|1988|1989||*1989 |Huge, almost corpulent wines that are dramatic and exciting.
244
What are the 3 best vintages of Sauternes in the '90s?
1990|1997|1999||*1990 |Massive rich wines that presently seem a shade less complex than 1989 and, especially, 1988.
245
What are the 4 best vintages of Sauternes in the '00s?
2001|2003|2009|2010||*2001 |The rain that spoilt the reds encouraged botrytis to such an extent that this is a truly magnificent, long-term vintage, helped by a greater degree of selection and cellar expertise than ever before. Perhaps the greatest Sauternes vintage in modern times.
246
What are the 3 best vintages of Sauternes since 2010?
2011|2014|2015||*2014|A triumph for Sauternes in this vintage, with some botrytis in September and plenty in late October. Some observers are even calling it the best vintage since the turn of the century.
247
What are the 2 best vintages of Champagne in the '70s?
1975|1979
248
What are the 2 best vintages of Champagne in the '80s?
1982|1985|1988|1989||*1988 |Classically structured, concentrated wines with sufficient acidity for long ageing The wines are powerful and well structured, but were not as immediately appealing. However, time has shown them to be rich in fruit, stylish and well balanced.
249
What are the 3 best vintages of Champagne in the '90s?
1990|1995|1996||*1996 |Up to this point 1996 has been considered a fantastic vintage which produced classic wines; the best since 1990. A long, dry summer produced grapes of record ripeness with record acidity. Some question how the 1996s are aging. The wines are generally characterized by a distinctive rather lemony acidity and very good attack, but some wines now seem terribly austere, while others already seem dangerously short of fruit.
250
What are the 3 best vintages of Champagne in the '00s?
2002|2006|2008||*2002 |A magnificent vintage for champagne with near-perfect growing conditions, capped by fine dry weather at harvest. Ageworthy wines with plush fruit held in check by keen acidity.||*clearly a rich year: 2002 boasted the highest alcohol levels since 1990, averaging 10.5 degrees (to put this in context, 2003—a year commonly viewed as being extremely ripe—averaged 10.6 degrees of potential alcohol).
251
What are the 2 best vintages of Champagne since 2010?
2012|2015||*2012 |An exceptional vintage in Champagne. Despite low yields thanks to frost, hail and disease early in the season, August saw conditions improve dramatically resulting in exemplary maturity, acidity and grape health at harvest.
252
What are the 3 best vintages of the Southern Rhone in the '70's?
1970|1978|1979
253
What are the 2 best vintages of the Southern Rhone in the '80's?
1988|1989||*1988 |Good in all areas: full bodied and with firm tannins, often termed 'classic'.
254
What are the 3 best vintages of the Southern Rhone in the '90's?
1990|1995|1998||*1990 |Exceptionally sumptous, powerful and heady wines with fairly low acidity. Only the finest survive.
255
What are the 3 best vintages of the Southern Rhone in the '00's?
2001|2005|2010||*2010 |A very successful vintage, with precision and freshness allowing great expression of terroir. Equally outstanding for whites and reds. Excellent. ||*Only poor vintage in this decade was 2002
256
What are the 2 best vintages of the Southern Rhone since 2010?
2012|2015|2016||*2016|According to Michel Chapoutier, 2016 could be better than 1990 in the southern Rhône - praise indeed. Warm conditions throughout the year along with reduced yields has resulted in wines of great concentration - in colour, tannin and flavour. Certainly one of the great vintages, for reds anyway.
257
What are the 3 best vintages of Alsace in the '90's?
1990|1996|1998||*1990 |A third wonderful year of classic, powerful, long-lived wines; the best still going strong.
258
What are the 4 best vintages of Alsace in the '00's?
2005|2007|2008|2009||*2007 |Very good vintage, even earlier than 2003, with extremely healthy, ripe grapes.
259
What are the 4 best vintages of Alsace since 2010?
2011|2015|2016|2017
260
What are the 3 best vintages of Piedmont in the '60's?
1961|1964|1967
261
What are the 4 best vintages of Piedmont in the '70's?
1970|1971|1974|1978||*1978 |Formidable, even aggressive wines that have developed at a snail's pace.
262
What was the best vintage of Piedmont in the 50's?
1958
263
What are the 3 worst vintages of Piedmont in the '70's?
1972|1973|1977||*1972 |The worst
264
What are the 4 best vintages of Piedmont in the '80's?
1982|1985|1988|1989||*1989 |A superb, healthy crop. Top Barolos are thrilling and repay the wait.
265
What are the 5 best vintages of Piedmont in the '90's?
1990|1995|1996|1998|1999||*1996 |Superb Barolo and Barbaresco for keeping.
266
What are the 4 best vintages of Piedmont in the '00's?
2001|2004|2006|2010||*2010 |Nebbiolo proved resilient thanks to its small berries and thick skins. August proved hot, but cool nights helped retain acidity. The overall result is considered outstanding: a classic vintage with plenty of acidity, firm but ripe tannins and near-perfect balance in many wines.
267
What are the 2 best vintages of Piedmont since 2010?
2012|2013||*2013|From mid July temperatures shot up and remained high during August, albeit with cooler nights. September was very sunny and dry, but the growing cycle was still two weeks late, necessitating a delayed harvest. The prognosis is for a vintage similar in quality to the already legendary 2010s.
268
What are the 3 best vintages of Tuscany in the '80's?
1983|1985|1988||*1988 |Delightfully smooth wines, balanced and ripe from low yields.
269
What are the 3 best vintages of Tuscany in the '90's?
1990|1997|1999||*1999 |Quite exceptionally good quality. A vintage not unlike 1997 but with arguably more finesse and less sheer mass. Warm summer led to an early harvest of healthy grapes.
270
What are the 5 best vintages of Tuscany in the '00's?
2001|2004|2006|2007|2010||*2004 |Exceptionally good vintage, central Italy's equivalent of the perfect growing season that France experienced in 2005.
271
What are the 2 best vintages of Tuscany since 2010?
2012|2013||*2012|In spite of the intense heat, 2012 resulted in medium-bodied, fresh and at times rather light wines, arguably a welcome change from the heavy and sometimes alcoholic 2011s.
272
What are the 3 best vintages of Spain in the '80's?
1982|1986|1989||*1982 |A very great year, the best since 1970, with plenty of Reserva wines.
273
What are the 5 best vintages of Spain in the '90's?
1990|1991|1994|1995|1996||*1995 |Another frost-shrunk crop in Ribera del Duero, although the grapes were riper and probably better balanced than in 1994. Rioja's bodegas, on the other hand, were swollen by an enormous harvest of ripe, healthy grapes.
274
What are the 5 best vintages of Spain in the '00's?
2001|2004|2005|2009|2010||*2010 |Exceptional for Ribera del Duero with no excessive weather patterns, uniform ripeness and quality as promising as 2004. Good quality in Rioja also, considered better than 2009.
275
What are the 2 best vintages of Spain since 2010?
2015|2016||*2016|Unlike Catalunya, Rioja enjoyed an abundant harvest - the largest since 2005, and many producers had to discard fruit to meet the permitted yield. Quality is excellent, with modest alcohol, full ripeness, relatively light tannins, good aromatic range and no bitterness. In Ribera del Duero, the outlook is also positive, with quality as good as the strong 2015 vintage.
276
What are the 5 best vintages of Austria in the '00's?
2005|2006|2007|2008|2009
277
What are the 5 best vintages of Austria since 2010?
2011|2012|2013|2015|2016||*2016|Officially described as 'outstanding quality, characterised by particularly delicate fruit-driven aromatics and fresh acidity,' early signs of quality are good. Yields in Steiermark and Burgenland were reduced by frost and hail in April - in the former region by up to 80%.
278
What was the best vintage of Germany in the '60's?
1969
279
What are the 2 best vintages of Germany in the '50's?
1953|1959
280
What are the 2 best vintages of Germany in the '70's?
1971|1975||*1971|Powerful, elegant, superb structure.
281
What are the 3 best vintages of Germany in the '80's?
1983|1988|1989||*1989 |A phenomenal harvest. The late-harvested Rieslings show profound complexity. Probably best in the Mosel.
282
What are the 2 best vintages of Germany in the '90's?
1990|1999||*1990 |Europe's wonder year: a perfect autumn with plenty of late-picked sweet wines after a botrytis bonanza.
283
What are the 2 best vintages of Germany in the '00's?
2001|2009||*All were very good.|*2001 |A very great, long-term vintage with remarkable levels of both grape ripeness (thanks to a wonderful Indian summer) and acidity (thanks to a nerve-wrackingly wet but cool September). A high proportion of botrytised sweet wines were made - in fact there was such a shortage of basic QbA wine that considerable amounts were declassified to satisfy market demand.
284
What are the 3 best vintages of Germany since 2010?
2011|2012|2015||*2011 |Extremely good quality, with yields back at average after two more depressed years. There is palpable excitement about these wines, with top quality examples across the board from trocken Riesling and Spätburgunder and record-breaking noble whites.
285
What are the 4 best vintages of Sancerre in the '00's?
2002|2005|2009|2010||*2009|Yields were slightly reduced in Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé, and some July hail decimated much of Quincy, Reuilly and Coteaux du Giennois - but what was produced is excellent.
286
What are the 2 best vintages of Sancerre since 2010?
2016|2017||*2016|A step ahead of 2015 and different in style. A severe spring frost cut the crop by as much as 50 percent. May through July was rainy, but then draught conditions arrived and persisted through the harvest. Luckily temperatures were not too hot, especially through harvest. Wines have fresher acidity than 2015.
287
What are the 5 best vintages of Chenin Blanc in the Loire from the '00's?
2002|2005|2007|2009|2010||*2009|Chenin was very promising, although there botrytis was scarce.
288
What are the 5 best vintages of Cabernet Franc in the Loire from the '00's?
2002|2003|2005|2009|2010||*2003|Cabernet Franc reached full ripeness with ease, giving particularly expressive fruit character.
289
What are the 2 best vintages of Chenin Blanc in the Loire since 2010?
2015|2016|2017||*2016|Quality and concentration is good, with Chenin Blanc being particularly noteworthy in 2016.
290
What are the 2 best vintages of Cabernet Franc in the Loire since 2010?
2015|2016|2017||*2016|Cabernet Franc is 'delicious, ripe and fruity' according to Loire courtier Chris Hardy.
291
What are the 2 best vintages of South Australia in the '90's?
1996|1998||*1998 |Was then a record crop from an early, frantic vintages despite drought conditions. Some fine reds.
292
What are the 2 best vintages of South Australia in the '00's?
2005|2010||*All were good in this decade.|*2010 |This was the year that the rain finally came, breaking a long drought. This brought some problems later in the season, with excess rainfall encouraging some mildew, but generally the impression is a positive one across the state.
293
What are the 3 best vintages of South Australia since 2010?
2012|2015||*All were good in this decade.|*2012 |Lower-than-average yields in Australia, as across much of Europe. This was blamed on high winds, drought and low fruitfulness resulting from the poor 2011 vintage. Quality, however, was much better than in the exceptionally damp 2011, with South Australia avoiding some of the weather extremes experienced by other states. Strong varietal typicality is a commonly cited feature of the 2012 crop.
294
What are the 3 best vintages of Northern California in the '70's?
1970|1974|1978||*1970|Long-lived wines from a small crop.
295
What are the 2 best vintages of Northern California in the '50's?
1951|1958
296
What are the 4 best vintages of Northern California in the '80's?
1984|1985|1986|1987||*1985 |Outstanding: elegant and stylish with the balance to age well.
297
What are the 6 best vintages of Northern California in the '90's?
1991|1992|1994|1995|1996|1999||*1995 |Yet another region in which a warm, dry autumn and late harvest saved the day after a difficult growing season. Reds, especially Zinfandels, may be even better than 1991. Small quantities pushed up prices, however.
298
What was the worst vintage in Northern California in the 00's?
2003||*2003 |Rushed vintage as everything ripened at the same time after heat spikes followed rain and a cool May.
299
What was the worst vintage in Northern California since 2010?
2011||*2011 |Miserable conditions made for a very challenging harvest, with mildew and botrytis rife in Napa and Sonoma. Volumes are therefore low for the second consecutive year, with the best quality only found where growers managed to pick ripe fruit before the rainstorms in October.
300
What was the best vintage in Northern California since 2010?
2012||*2012 |A banner year, providing a useful exception to the short crops experienced so widely elsewhere. Ideal growing conditions seem likely to have produced the best vintage for decades. Virtually all varieties seem to have thrived. Quality with quantity at last.
301
Name 3 exceptionally wet vintages of Burgundy.
1993|1994|2007
302
Name 5 exceptionally dry vintages of Burgundy.
'96|'02|'03|'05|'09||-drought is rarely a problem
303
Name 7 of the most recent "hail" vintages for Burgundy.
'98|'01|'04|'12|'13|'14|'16
304
Name 3 very bad frost vintages for Burgundy.
'56|'85 (last really bad one)|'10
305
Name 2 vintages in the 90's where spring frost limited yields in Burgundy.
'91|'98
306
Name 4 vintages when sunburn/sunshine were a problem for Burgundy.
'76|'83|'98|'03||-rarely is lack of heat an issue but '07 and '08 show some signs.
307
What were the two best vintages for Austrian sweet wine in the 1960's?
1963|1969
308
Which vintage in the 1970's is known to be great for both sweet and dry wine all over Austria?
1979
309
What were the two best vintages for Burgenland sweet wine in the 1970's?
1973|1976||-1979 also good
310
Which 1980's vintage in Austria is considered the best vintage since 1947?
1986
311
What were the two best vintages of Austrian wine in the 1980's?
1985|1986
312
Of the 3 best vintages for dry Austrian wine in the 1990's (99,97,90), which one had the most botrytis?
1999||-none in '90|-small amount in '97
313
Of the 3 best vintages for dry Austrian wine in the 1990's(99,97,90), which one had no botrytis?
1990||-small amount in '97|-moderate amount in '99
314
What was the best vintage in the 1990's for dry red wine from Austria?
1997
315
Which Austrian vintage during the 1990's yielded the most botrytis?
1998||-GV did better than Riesling|-GV ripens earlier
316
What were the two bad flooding years that occured in Lower Austria?
2002|2011||-worse in 2002|-2011 was still a great vintage
317
Why was the 2003 vintage in Austria so late?
The heat stunted the growth of the vines.||-heavy irrigation year.
318
What were the two most difficult vintages for dry Austrian white wine from 2010 to 2017?
2010|2014||-2010|A challenging vintage, with cold, wet conditions throughout spring and summer.||-2014|Excessive rainfall and generally poor weather conditions made this the worst Austrian vintage in recent years.
319
What are the best vintages for dry Austrian white wine from 2010 to 2017?
2013|2015|2017||*|2013|Very tricky weather conditions, from snow to flooding to drought, made 2013 a tough vintage. Nevertheless, Grüner Veltliner is particularly concentrated, while Riesling is acidic and austere.||2015|It was generally warm across the country, creating flavourful wines from all varieties. Both whites and reds are expected to display strong typicality with fuller-than-average body.
320
Which recent vintage in Lower Austria was impacted by a devastating Spring frost in May?
2012||-but the rest of the season was more favourable, and quality is good. Very generally speaking, Grüner Veltliner did better than Riesling, although health was good across all varieties. Reds are lower in alcohol and concentration than the much better 2011 vintage.
321
Why was 2014 such a difficult vintage for Lower Austria?
Heavy rain in August and September
322
What 3 vintages have proven to be the best for the Tokaj PDO since its reemergence in the early 90's?
1993|1999|2000||*other good vintages|2001|2006|2007|2013
323
What have been some of the best vintages of Tokaj since 2000?
2000|2001|2006|2007|2013||*2009-2012 terrible
324
What were some of the best vintages of Tokaj in the 90's?
1991|1993|1996|1999
325
What was considered the most exceptional vintage on the Right Bank from 1995-2000?
1998
326
What are some of the best recent vintages of Argentina?
'02|'04-'06|'09-'13
327
What are the aging requirements for Barolo?
38 months|-18 months in wood|*from November 1st
328
What are the aging requirements for Barolo Riserva?
62 months|-18 months in wood|*from November 1st
329
What are the aging requirements for Barbaresco?
26 months|-9 months in wood|*from November 1st
330
What are the aging requirements for Barbaresco Riserva?
50 months|-9 months in wood|*from November 1st
331
What are the aging requirements for Brunello?
2 years in wood |-plus 4 months in bottle|*may not be sold before January 1 of the 5th year following the harvest
332
What are the aging requirements for Brunello Riserva?
2 years in wood |-plus 6 months in bottle|*may not be sold before January 1 of the 6th year following the harvest
333
What are the aging requirements for Chianti?
May not be released until March 1 of the year following the harvest
334
What are the aging requirements for Chianti Riserva?
Minimum 2 years aging from January 1 of the year following harvest
335
What are the aging requirements for Chianti Classico?
May not be released until October 1 of the year following the harvest
336
What are the aging requirements for Chianti Classico Riserva?
24 months aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest |-3 months in the bottle
337
What are the aging requirements for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?
30 months aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest|-3 months in the bottle
338
What are the aging requirements for Vino Nobile?
2 years aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest, with the following options:||-24 months in wood||-Minimum 18 months in wood plus 6 months in an alternative container||-Minimum 12 months in wood and a minimum 6 months in bottle, with the remainder in an alternative container
339
What are the aging requirements for Vino Nobile Riserva?
Minimum 3 years aging, including at least 6 months in bottle, from January 1 of the year following the harvest
340
What does "Reserve" indicate on a bottle of white Greek PDO wine?
A minimum year of aging|-with at least six months in barrel and three months in bottle
341
What does "Reserve" indicate on a bottle of red Greek PDO wine?
A minimum two years of aging |-with at least one year in barrel and six months in bottle
342
What does "Grand Reserve" indicate on a bottle of white Greek PDO wine?
A minimum two year aging period|-including at least one year in barrel and six months in bottle
343
What does "Grand Reserve" indicate on a bottle of red Greek PDO wine?
A minimum four year aging period|-including at least 18 months in barrel and 18 months in bottle
344
Cava indicates what for white and rosé PGI wines in Greece?
At least one year of aging|-White and rosé "Cava" wines spend at least six months in oak prior to bottling
345
What term is used to indicate at least one year of aging for white and rosé PGI wines, and a minimum three years of aging for reds in Greece?
Cava
346
Cava indicates what for red PGI wines in Greece?
A minimum three years of aging|-in barrel for at least one year
347
What are the aging requirements for NV Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico?
Minimum 15 months on the lees from January 1 of the year following the harvest
348
What are the aging requirements for Millesimato Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico?
24 months on the lees from January 1 of the year following the harvest
349
What are the aging requirements for Taurasi?
Minimum 3 years from December 1 of the harvest year, including at least one year in wood
350
What are the aging requirements for Taurasi Riserva?
Minimum 4 years from December 1 of the harvest year, including at least 18 months in wood
351
What are the aging requirements for Cerasuolo di Vittoria?
May not be sold until June 1 of the year following the harvest
352
What are the aging requirements for Cerasuolo di Vittoria Classico?
May not be sold until March 31 of the second year following the harvest
353
What are the aging requirements for Montefalco Sagrantino Secco?
Minimum 37 months from December 1 of the harvest year|-including at least 12 months in wood and 4 months in bottle
354
What are the aging requirements for Montefalco Sagrantino Passito?
Minimum 37 months from December 1 of the harvest year|-including at least 4 months in bottle
355
What are the aging requirements for Valtellina Superiore
24 months from December 1 of the harvest year|-including a minimum 12 months in wood
356
What are the aging requirements for Valtellina Superiore Riserva
Minimum 3 years
357
What are the aging requirements for Gattinara?
minimum 35 months|-including 24 months in wood, from November 1 of the harvest year
358
What are the aging requirements for Gattinara Riserva?
47 months|-including 36 months in wood, from November 1 of the harvest year
359
What are the aging requirements for Ghemme Riserva?
46 months|-including a minimum 24 months in wood and 6 months in bottle from November 1 of the harvest year
360
What are the aging requirements for Ghemme?
34 months|-including a minimum 18 months in wood and 6 months in bottle from November 1 of the harvest year
361
What are the aging requirements for Torgiano Rosso Riserva?
-3 years from November 1 of the harvest year, including at least 6 months in bottle
362
What are the aging requirements for NV Champagne?
Min. 15 months from date of tirage
363
What are the aging requirements for Vintage Champagne?
Min. 36 months from date of tirage
364
What are the aging requirements for Greek Grand Reserve ("Specially Selected") red wines?
4 years total|-18 months in barrel|-18 months in bottle
365
What are the aging requirements for Greek Reserve ("Selected") red wines?
2 years total|-12 months in barrel|-6 months in bottle
366
What are the aging requirements for Greek Grand Reserve ("Specially Selected") white wines?
2 years total|-12 months in barrel|-6 months in bottle
367
What are the aging requirements for Greek Reserve ("Selected") white wines?
1 years total|-6 months in barrel|-3 months in bottle
368
What does the term "Gran Reserva" mean for white wine in Argentina?
minimum 1 year of aging||-designations introduced in 2008 also limit maximum yields
369
What does the term "Gran Reserva" mean for red wine in Argentina?
minimum 2 years of aging||-designations introduced in 2008 also limit maximum yields
370
What does the term "Reserva" mean for white wine in Argentina?
minimum 6 months of aging||-designations introduced in 2008 also limit maximum yields
371
What does the term "Reserva" mean for red wine in Argentina?
minimum 1 year of aging||-designations introduced in 2008 also limit maximum yields
372
What does the term "Seleccionado" indicate on a Madeira label?
3-5 years
373
What does the term "Reserve (Reserva)" indicate on a Madeira label?
5-10 years
374
What does the term "Special Reserve (Reserva Especial)" indicate on a Madeira label?
10-15 years
375
What does the term "Extra Reserve" indicate on a Madeira label?
15-20 years
376
How long must Vinhos de Canteiro (Madeira) remain in cask before being bottled?
2 years in wood||-may not be bottled for 36 months after the final fortification
377
What is the aging requirement for a Colheita Madeira?
May be bottled from Oct. 31 of the 5th year following the harvest
378
How long must a Frasqueira Madeira be aged in cask before bottling?
20 years
379
How long does Late-Bottled Vintage Port spend in cask prior to bottling?
4 - 6 years
380
What does "Envelhecido em Garrafa" indicate on a bottle of LBV Port?
An additional three years of bottle aging.
381
How long must Reserve Tawny Ports be aged prior to bottling?
7 years||-same for Colheita Tawny Port
382
How long must a Colheita Tawny Port spend in cask prior to bottling?
7 years||-same for Reserve Tawny Ports
383
What are the aging requirements for the vintage garrafeira Port style wine as pioneered by Niepoort?
Following a few years' aging in barrels, the Port is matured for a period of at least eight years in glass demijohns
384
Tinto (red) garrafeira wines in Portugal must age for how many months total? And how many in bottle?
30 months|-including at least 12 months in bottle
385
Branco (white) and rosado garrafeira wines in Portugal must age for how many months total? And how many in bottle?
12 months |-with at least 6 in bottle.
386
What does "reserva" mean on a bottle of Portuguese sparkling wine?
12 months on the lees prior to dégorgement
387
White reserva wines must be aged for how long in the Douro DOP?
6 months
388
Red reserva wines must be aged for how long in the Douro DOP?
1 year
389
What is the minimum aging for "Tinto" in the Dão DOP?
cannot be released before May 15 of the year following the harvest||-min. alc. 11%
390
What is the minimum aging for "Tinto Reserva" in the Dão DOP?
24 months||-min. alc. 11.5%
391
What is the minimum aging for "Tinto Garrafeira" in the Dão DOP?
36 months (including 12 months in bottle)||-min. alc. 11.5%
392
What is the minimum aging for "Tinto Nobre" in the Dão DOP?
36 months||-min. alc. 12%
393
What is the minimum aging for "Tinto Nobre Reserva" in the Dão DOP?
42 months||-min. alc. 12.5%
394
What is the minimum aging for "Tinto Nobre Garrafeira" in the Dão DOP?
48 months (including 18 months in the bottle)||-min. alc. 12.5%
395
What is the minimum aging for "Branco" in the Dão DOP?
none||-min. alc. 11%
396
What is the minimum aging for "Branco Reserva" in the Dão DOP?
6 months||-min. alc. 11.5%
397
What is the minimum aging for "Branco Garrafeira" in the Dão DOP?
12 months (including 6 in the bottle)||-min. alc. 11.5%
398
What is the minimum aging for "Branco Nobre" in the Dão DOP?
12 months||-min. alc. 11.5%
399
What is the minimum aging for "Branco Nobre Reserva" in the Dão DOP?
12 months||-min. alc. 12%
400
What is the minimum aging for "Branco Nobre Garrafeira" in the Dão DOP?
18 months (including 9 months in the bottle)||-min. alc. 12%
401
What is the minimum lees aging requirement for Vinho Espumante wines from Trás-os-Montes labeled Reserva Velha or Grande Reserva?
36 months
402
What is the minimum lees aging requirement for Vinho Espumante wines from Trás-os-Montes labeled Reserva?
12 months
403
What is the minimum lees aging requirement for Vinho Espumante wines from Trás-os-Montes labeled Extra Reserva?
24 months
404
What are the 5 age categories of the Málaga DO?
Málaga Pálido (maximum six months of aging in oak)||Málaga (six to 24 months)||Málaga Noble (two to three years)||Málaga Añejo (three to five years)||Málaga Transañejo (minimum five years)
405
What are the aging requirements for Málaga Pálido?
max. 6 months of aging in oak
406
What are the aging requirements for Málaga?
6 to 24 months
407
What are the aging requirements for Málaga Noble?
2 to 3 years
408
What are the aging requirements for Málaga Añejo?
3 to 5 years
409
What are the aging requirements for Málaga Transañejo?
min. 5 years
410
What are the age requirements for Barbera d'Asti Superiore Tinella and Colli Astiani?
24 months||-6 months in wood |-6 months in bottle||*|Barbera d'Asti: 4 months|Barbera d'Asti Superiore: 14 months (6 months oak)
411
For Barbera d'Asti DOCG, what are the aging requirements for Barbera d'Asti and Barbera d'Asti Superiore?
-Barbera d'Asti: 4 months from November 1 of the harvest year||-Barbera d'Asti Superiore: 14 months from November 1 of the harvest year, including at least 6 months in oak
412
What is the aging requirement for Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG?
1 year||-"Vigna" 20 months
413
What is the aging requirement for Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG "Vigna"?
20 months
414
What is the aging requirement for Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG Riserva?
24 months
415
What is the aging requirement for Gavi Riserva?
1 year (including 6 months in bottle) ||-from October 15th of the year of harvest
416
What is the aging requirement for Gavi Spumante Metodo Classico?
2 years (18 months on the lees) ||-from October 15 of the year of harvest
417
What are the aging requirements for Soave Superiore?
Superiore: 1 year/ 3 months bottle|Riserva: 2 years/ 3 months bottle
418
What is the minimum aging requirement for Cava DO?
min. 9 months on the lees
419
What is the minimum aging requirement for Reserva Cava?
15 months on the lees
420
What is the minimum aging requirement for Gran Reserva Cava?
min. 30 months on the lees ||-(Brut, Extra Brut, and Brut Nature only)
421
What is the minimum aging requirement for Cava de Paratge (Paraje)?
min. 36 months on the lees
422
What style of Cava must spend 36 months on the lees?
Cava de Paratge (Paraje)
423
What style of Cava must spend 30 months on the lees?
Gran Reserva
424
What style of Cava must spend 15 months on the lees?
Reserva
425
What is the élevage requirement for Rasteau VDN "Hors d'Age"?
May not be released until September 1 of the 5th year
426
What is the élevage requirement for Rasteau VDN "Ambré" & "Tuilé"?
May not be released until March 1 of the 3rd year
427
What is the élevage requirement for Rasteau VDN "Blanc" & "Grenat"?
May not be released until May 1 of the year following the harvest.
428
What is the élevage requirement for Rasteau VDN "Rosé"?
Must be bottled by December 31 of the year following the harvest
429
What is the aging requirement for Spumante di Qualità Metodo Classico from the Falanghina del Sannio DOC?
Wines must spend min. 12 months on the lees from November 15 of the year of harvest.
430
What is the aging requirement for Bianco Passito wines from the Falanghina del Sannio DOC?
Wines can be released on June 1 of the year after harvest.
431
What is the aging requirement for Aglianico del Taburno DOCG Rosso?
Min 2 years from November 1 of the harvest year
432
What is the aging requirement for Aglianico del Taburno DOCG Rosso Riserva?
Min. 3 years from November 1 of the harvest year, including at least 1 year in wood and 6 months in bottle
433
What is the aging requirement for Greco di Tufo DOCG Spumante?
Minimum 36 months aging in bottle from November 1 of the harvest year
434
What is the aging requirement for Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG?
12 months in barrel|12 months in bottle||-not to be released before November 1 of the third year following the harvest
435
What is the aging requirement for Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG Riserva?
2 years in barrel|2 years in bottle||-not to be released before November 1 of the fifth year following the harvest
436
What is the elévage requirement for the Vendage Tardive wines made in the Jurançon AOP?
VT wines may not be released until June 15 of the second year following the harvest
437
How long must Austrian Sekt Qualitatswein age on lees for each category?
Klassik- 9mos (1 year total)|Reserve- 18mos (2 year total)|Große Reserve - 30 mos (3 year total)||All may not be released before Oct 22.
438
What is the aging requirement for Austrian Spätlese Prädikatswein?
Wines may not be released until March 1 of the following year.
439
What is the aging requirement for Austrian Auslese Prädikatswein?
Wines may not be released until May 1 of the following year.
440
What is the aging requirement for Austrian Beerenauslese Prädikatswein?
Wines may not be released until May 1 of the following year.
441
What is the aging requirement for Austrian Strohwein/Schilfwein Prädikatswein?
The wine is produced from grapes dried for a minimum of 3 months.
442
What is the aging requirement for white "Reserve" Austrian Qualitastwein?
March 15th|-year after harvest
443
What is the aging requirement for red "Reserve" Austrian Qualitastwein?
November 1st|-year after harvest
444
What is the aging requirement for "Solera" Madeira?
Min. 5 years in the solera ||-only 10% may be drawn off each year
445
What is the aging requirement for Vinho de Estufagem (Madeira)?
May be bottled after 12 months from the conclusion of the estufagem process
446
What is the aging requirement for Bandol rouge?
Min. 18 months in wood||-may not be released before May 1 of the 2nd year following the harvest
447
What is the aging requirement for Bandol blanc/rosé?
May not be released before March 1 of the year following the harvest
448
What are the aging requirements for Bugey "Cerdon"?
on the lees for a min. 2 months
449
What are the aging requirements for the 3 different categories of wine made in the Kremstal DAC, Kamptal DAC, and the Traisental DAC?
-w/ indication of village: January 1 |-w/ indication of village & single vineyard: March 1|-Reserve: July 1 ||*all year after the harvest
450
What are the aging requirements for white wine in the Leithaberg DAC?
may not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest|*|Red: Wines must be aged in oak, and may not be released until September 1 of the second year after the harvest
451
What are the aging requirements for red wine in the Leithaberg DAC?
may not be released until September 1 of the 2nd year after the harvest||-Must be aged in oak
452
What are the aging requirements for both "Classic" & "Reserve" styles of the Neusiedlersee DAC?
Classic: Wines may be released on March 1 of the year following the harvest.||Reserve: Wines may be released on March 1 of the 2nd year following the harvest
453
What are the aging requirements for "Classic", "Classic w/ Specified Site", and "Reserve" styles of the Mittelburgenland DAC?
Classic: Wines must be matured in stainless steel or used oak, and may not be released until August 1 of the year following the harvest.||Classic w/ Specified Site: Wines must be matured in traditional large oak barrels or used barriques, and may not be released until October 1 of the year following the harvest.||Reserve: Wines must be matured in oak (used or new), and may not be released until March 1 of the 2nd year following the harvest.
454
What are the aging requirements for "Classic" and "Reserve" styles of the Eisenberg DAC?
Classic: May be released from September 1 of the year following the harvest.||Reserve: May be released from March 1 of the second year following the harvest (must be aged in wood).
455
What is the aging requirement for "VIGNO" wines from Maule?
2 years|-exactly how is up to the producer
456
What is the aging requirement for Monemvasia-Malvasia PDO?
Min. 2 years in an oxidative environment ||*if the wine is aged for a longer period, it may be aged for 4 years, or in multiples of 4 years thereafter||*Same with Santorini
457
What is the minimum aging requirement for the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO?
Min. 1 year |-oak barrels of 1,000 liters or less|*|Non-Vintage blends require a minimum 3 years of aging after the final blend.||"Reserve": Min. 3 years, including 2 years in cask and 1 year in bottle||"Vieille Reserve": Min. 5 years, including min. 2 years in cask and 2 years in bottle||"Grand Reserve": Min. 7 years, including a min. 3 years in oak and 3 years in the bottle
458
What is the aging requirement for "Reserve" wines in the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO?
Min. 3 years|-2 years in cask and 1 year in bottle|*|"Vieille Reserve": Min. 5 years, including min. 2 years in cask and 2 years in bottle||"Grand Reserve": Min. 7 years, including a min. 3 years in oak and 3 years in the bottle
459
What is the aging requirement for "Vieille Reserve" wines in the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO?
Min. 5 years|-min. 2 years in cask and 2 years in bottle|*|"Reserve": Min. 3 years, including 2 years in cask and 1 year in bottle||"Grand Reserve": Min. 7 years, including a min. 3 years in oak and 3 years in the bottle
460
What is the aging requirement for "Grand Reserve" wines in the Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO?
Min. 7 years|-min. 3 years in oak and 3 years in the bottle|*|"Reserve": Min. 3 years, including 2 years in cask and 1 year in bottle||"Vieille Reserve": Min. 5 years, including min. 2 years in cask and 2 years in bottle
461
What is the age requirement for Vinsanto on Santorini?
Min. 2 years in barrels|-aging must occur on the islands of Thera or Thirasia. ||*If released with an aging statement rather than a vintage, vinsanto must have been aged in an oxidative manner for at least 4 years. The aging statement on the bottle may only be listed as a multiple of 4 (8, 12, 16, etc.).
462
If Vinsanto from Santorini is released with an aging statement rather than a vintage, what is the aging requirement?
Min. 4 years. (in an oxidative manner)||*The aging statement on the bottle may only be listed as a multiple of 4 (8, 12, 16, etc.).
463
What is the aging requirement for Nychteri of Santorini?
barrel for at least 3 months
464
What is the aging requirement for Bikavér - "bull's blood" from the Eger PDO?
aged in wooden barrels for at least 6 months||-not released until November 1 of the year after the harvest.
465
What is the aging requirement for "Superior" Bikavér - "bull's blood" from the Eger PDO?
aged for 12 months in wooden barrels and 6 months in bottle ||-released after May 1st of the 2nd year after harvest.
466
What is the aging requirement for "Grand Superior" Bikavér - "bull's blood" from the Eger PDO?
aged for 16 months in wooden barrels and 6 months in bottle ||-released September 1st of the 2nd year after harvest.
467
What are the aging requirements for Aszú wines?
May not be released prior to January 1 of the third year after harvest. ||-aged in barrel for at least 18 months.
468
What are the aging requirements for Szamorodni, Máslás and Fordítás wines?
minimum 2 years||-1 year in barrel
469
What does the term "Reserve" mean on a bottle of Bulgarian wine?
1 year of aging
470
What does the term "Special Selection" mean on a bottle of Bulgarian wine?
2 years of aging
471
What are the aging requirements for Vino Espumosa Calidad from the Rioja DOCa?
min. 15 months on the lees ||-from the date of tirage prior to disgorgement
472
What is the aging requirement for all Spanish white wine labeled "Crianza"?
min. 18 months|-6 months in oak
473
What is the aging requirement for Spanish red wine labeled "Crianza", except for Rioja and Ribera del Duero?
min. 2 years|-6 months in oak||*Rioja & RdD are min. 2 years, 1 year in oak
474
What is the aging requirement for red wine labeled "Crianza" from Rioja and Ribera del Duero?
min. 2 years|-1 year in oak
475
What is the aging requirement for all Spanish white wine labeled "Reserva"?
min. 2 years|-6 months in oak
476
What is the aging requirement for Spanish red wine labeled "Reserva"?
min. 3 years|-1 year in oak||*Rioja requires an additional 6 months in bottle
477
What is the aging requirement for Spanish red wine labeled "Gran Reserva", with the exception of Rioja and Ribera del Duero?
min. 5 years|-18 months in oak||*Rioja requires 2 years in oak and an additional 2 years in bottle||*Ribera del Duero requires 2 years in oak
478
What is the aging requirement for Spanish white wine labeled "Gran Reserva"?
min. 4 years|-6 months in oak
479
How is the aging requirement for "Reserva" red wine from Rioja different from the rest of Spain?
Rioja requires an additional 6 months in bottle
480
How is the aging requirement for "Gran Reserva" red wine different for Rioja, Riberal del Duero, and the rest of Spain?
Spain: min. 5 years, 18 months in oak||Rioja: min. 5 years, 2 years in oak, 2 years in bottle||Ribera del Duero: min. 5 years, 2 years in oak
481
What is the aging requirement for red wine labeled "Gran Reserva", from Ribera del Duero?
min. 5 years|-2 years in oak||*Rioja requires an additional 2 years in bottle
482
What is the aging requirement for red wine labeled "Gran Reserva", from Rioja?
min. 5 years|-2 years in oak|-2 years in bottle
483
What does the term "Roble" indicate on a bottle of red wine from the Navarra DO?
min. 90 days in oak ||-max. 330 liter capacity
484
What are the aging requirements for Blanco Barrica in Rías Baixas?
min. 3 months in wood (max. 600 liter capacity)
485
What are the aging requirements for Vino Tostado?
min. 6 months in oak or cherry cask|-at least 3 months in bottle
486
What are the aging requirements for Blanco Barrica and Tinto Barrica in Ribeira Sacra DO?
Blanco Barrica: min. 3 months in wooden barrels of no more than 600 liters capacity||Tinto Barrica: min. 6 months in wooden barrels of no more than 500 liters capacity
487
What is the aging requirement for Calatayud Superior?
min. 6 months in new or second use barriques|-not be released prior to 10 months after the harvest date.
488
What is the aging requirement for Rueda Dorado?
min. 4 years|-at least 2 years in wood
489
What are the aging requirements for Vino Pálido/Viejo in the Condado de Huelva DO?
min. 3 years in wood
490
What are the aging requirements for Vino Generoso de Licor in the Condado de Huelva DO?
min. 2 years in wood
491
What is the aging requirement for Vinos de Tea in the La Palma DO?
min. 6 months in Canary Pine (Pinus Canariensis) vessels
492
What is the aging requirement for Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO and Manzanilla Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO? What was it prior to 2010?
aged in solera for a min. 2 years prior to release ||-prior to 2010, wines were aged for a minimum of 3 years
493
Which wine has a longer aging requirement, Colheita Tawny Port or Colheita Madeira?
Colheita Tawny Port: 7years||Colheita Madeira: 5 years
494
What is the aging requirement for "Große Reserve" Austrian Sekt Qualitatswein?
30 months on lees|-3 year total
495
What is the aging requirement for "Reserve" Austrian Sekt Qualitatswein?
18 months on lees|-2 year total
496
What is the aging requirement for "Klassik" Austrian Sekt Qualitatswein?
9 months on lees|-1 year total
497
No Madeira wine may be sold prior to what date?
October 31 |-2nd year following the harvest
498
What are the Rosso and Rosso Riserva aging requirements for the Lessona DOC?
22 months (12 months in wood)||46 months (30 months in wood)
499
What are the Rosso and Rosso Riserva aging requirements for the Bramaterra DOC?
22 months (18 months in wood)||34 months (24 months in wood)
500
What are the Rosso and Rosso Riserva aging requirements for the Boca DOC?
34 months (18 months in wood)||46 months (24 months in wood)
