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Microbiology > Enzymes, Metabolism, and Nomenclature > Flashcards

Enzymes, Metabolism, and Nomenclature Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Catabolism and anabolism make up

A

metabolism

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2
Q

takes large molecules and makes them smaller

A

catabolism

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3
Q

takes small molecules and makes them larger

A

anabolism

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4
Q

enzymes

A

catalyze all metabolic reactions

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5
Q

method of metabolic control in which end product of a pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme of that pathway

A

feedback inhibition

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6
Q

The __________ inhibitor binds to the active site and prevents the substrate from binding there. The _________ inhibitor binds to a different site on the enzyme; it doesn’t block substrate binding, but it causes other changes in the enzyme so that it can no longer catalyze the reaction efficiently.

A

competitive, non competitive

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7
Q

An ____ ______ is an enzyme that contains a region to which small, regulatory molecules (“effectors”) may bind in addition to and separate from the substrate binding site and thereby affect the catalytic activity.

A

allosteric enzyme

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8
Q

the human body’s temperature is around what degrees?

A

37

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9
Q

Psychrophiles are found in extremely cold, human body, hot, or extremely hot temperatures?

A

extremely cold

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10
Q

mesophiles are found in extremely cold, human body, hot, or extremely hot temperatures?

A

human body

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11
Q

Thermophiles are found in extremely cold, human body, hot, or extremely hot temperatures?

A

hot

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12
Q

Hyperthermophiles are found in extremely cold, human body, hot, or extremely hot temperatures?

A

extremely hot

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13
Q

what are enzymes that are found in acidic environments called?

A

acidophiles

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14
Q

what are enzymes found in neutral environments called?

A

neutrophiles

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15
Q

what are enzymes found in basic environments called?

A

alkaliphiles

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16
Q

A humans go tract continues what type of ph nomenclature enzymes?

A

acidophiles

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17
Q

Bacteria prefer a slightly ___tonic condition.

A

hyper

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18
Q

Hypertonic

A

high solvent in low solute (raisin)

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19
Q

hypotonic

A

grape

20
Q

MUST have large amounts of salt in order to survive

A

halophiles

21
Q

needs O to grow

A

obligate aerobe

22
Q

cannot grow if O is present

A

obligate anaerobe

23
Q

can grow if O is present or absent but prefers that O be present

A

facultative anaerobes

24
Q

aerobic respiration

A

glucose->glycolysis->pyruvate->Krebs cycle->Co2 ETC

25
Q

glycolysis produces how many ATP

A

2

26
Q

pyruvate produces how many ATP in aerobic respiration

A

36

27
Q

ETS produces how many ATP

A

30+

28
Q

starts with glucose and O2 ends with H20 and CO2

A

non photosynthesis respiration

29
Q

starts with H20 and CO2 and ends with glucose and O2

A

photosynthesis

30
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

respiration without O2

31
Q

Which process of respiration is more efficient?

A

Aerobic

32
Q

glycolysis->2ATP->pyruvate-> 2ATP->fermentation 2ATP (total of 4 ATP)

A

anaerobic respiration

33
Q

Without O2 which respiration process cannot occur

A

ETS and Krebs

34
Q

Fermentation happens with 2 types

A

lactic acid and alcohol

35
Q

Glycolysis occurs inside, outside or in the membrane of the cell?

A

outside

36
Q

Pyruvate occurs inside, outside or in the membrane of the cell?

A

inside

37
Q

Krebs occurs inside, outside or in the membrane of the cell?

A

inside

38
Q

Fermentation occurs inside, outside or in the membrane of the cell?

A

inside

39
Q

ETS occurs inside, outside or in the membrane of the cell?

A

in the membrane

40
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

First letter capitalized, second word lowercase, either italicized or underlined

41
Q

pathogenic means

A

infectious

42
Q

virulence

A

severity of disease

43
Q

disease

A

differing from normal

44
Q

bacteria are measured in

A

micrometers

45
Q

fungi are measured in

A

mm/cm/m

46
Q

viruses are measured in

A

nano meters

47
Q

order of size from large to small (virus, bacterium, fungus)

A

fungi>bacteria>virus

Microbiology (8 decks)

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