Enzymes Flashcards
Enzymes
What are they
They make chemical reactions work
They are catalysts, which are substances that increase the rate of reaction without changing it
How to make a reaction quicker
You can make a reaction quicker by raise the temperature this speeds up the useful reactions - but also the unwanted ones too
Enzymes
Facts
Particular types of protein
Reduce the need for high temperatures
Only speed up the useful chemical reactions in the body
Small enough to pass through the cell membrane
Some help break down larger substances into smaller molecules
How temperature affects the rate of reaction
Lock and key method
If the temperature is too hot some of the bonds holding the enzymes break
This changes the shape of the active site, meaning the substrate wont fit anymore (Denatured)
How PH affects the rate of reaction
Lock and key method
If the PH is too high or too low it interferes with the bonds, changing the shape of the active site and denaturing the enzyme
All enzymes have an optimum PH which they work best at. Often its neutral
How the substrate concentration affects rate of reactions
Lock and key method
Higher the concentration the faster the reaction
But afterwards there are too many substrate molecules and the enzymes have to deal with as many as they can
Rate
How much something changes over time
RATE=1000 -:- Time OR Dividing the amount it has changed by time
Carbohydrases
Polymer
Converts carbohydrates into simple sugars
☝️Monomers☝️
E.G.amylase breaks down starch
Protease
Polymer
Converts proteins into amino acids
☝️Monomer☝️ E.G. Pepsin
Lipase
Polymer
Converts lipids into glycerol & fatty acids
☝️Monomers☝️
Emulsification
Taking big bits of fat and turning it into little pieces
