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3a > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Which bacteria most commonly causes tonsilitis?

A

Group A strep

Strep pneumoniae

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2
Q

Which criteria is used to estimate the probability of tonsillitis being bacterial?

A

Centor Criteria

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3
Q

What forms the Centor Criteria?

A

Fever >38
Tonsillar exudates
Absence of cough
Lymphadenopathy

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4
Q

What is the first line treatment for bacterial tonsillitis?

A

Penicillin V for 10 days

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5
Q

What are the signs of otitis media?

A 
Ear pain
Bulging red tympanic membrane 
Discharge from ear 
Poor feeding 
Irritability
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6
Q

Which antibiotics can be given to treat otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin

Clarithromycin

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of sudden sensorineural hearing loss?

A 
Unilateral hearing loss
Otalgia
Balance disturbance 
Tinnitus 
Aural fullness
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8
Q

What is the gold standard investigation for sudden sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Pure tone audiometry.

Loss of hearing of:

At least 30 dB
Affecting at least three consecutive frequencies on pure tone audiometry
Occurring within 3 days

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9
Q

How would you manage sudden sensorineural hearing loss?

A

High dose oral steroids

Intratympanic steroid injections

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10
Q

Which condition needs to be ruled out when investigating sudden sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Vestibular schwannoma

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11
Q

What is otitis externa inflammation of?

A

External ear canal

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12
Q

What are the causes of otitis externa?

A 
Bacterial infection
Fungal infection 
Atopic dermatitis 
Psoriasis
Acne
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13
Q

What are the risk factors for otitis externa?

A 
Hot and humid climates
Swimming 
Narrow ear canals - e.g. down's syndrome 
Previous ear surgery 
Immunosuppression
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of otitis externa?

A 
Ear pain
Discharge
Itch
Hearing loss
Fever
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15
Q

How would you manage otitis externa?

A

Topical antibiotic ear drops

Analgesia

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16
Q

What are the complications of otitis externa?

A

Necrotizing otitis externa

Pinna cellulitis

17
Q

What are the types of otitis media?

A

Acute otitis media

Otitis media with effusion

18
Q

What are the complications of acute otitis media?

A

Acute mastoiditis
Sensorineural hearing loss
Facial nerve palsy
Bacterial meningitis

19
Q

What are the symptoms of tonsillitis?

A 
Sore throat
Cough
Coryza
Fever
Dysphagia 
Lymphadenopathy
20
Q

What are the complications of tonsillitis?

A 
Otitis media
Sinusitis 
Peritonsillar abscess - quinsy
Scarlet fever 
Tonsillar haemorrhage

3a (13 decks)

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