energy resources Flashcards
How do oil and gas form? Where do we find oil and gas in Canada? Where do we find oil and gas resources in other parts of the world?
how they form (KNOW HOW TO DRAW):
- organic material accumulates in fine-grained marine sediments
- sediments are buried and heated
- organic mater (bones, shells) converts to petroleum or natural gas (chemical reaction because heat over time)
- oil and gas migrate from source rock into reservoirrocks (coarser grained, permeable, permeabilitgy is important!!)
- canada has third largest proved oil reserves in world
canadian oil fields:
- western sedimentary basin (alberta)
- beaufort sea/arctic
- hibernia (east coast)
- erie basin
Other parts of the world where there are oil and gas reasourses:
- venuzula
- saudia arabia
- iran
- iraq
- russia
What are oil sands?
- oil trapped in sandstone (as solid)
- mined rather than drilled
- ex. athabasca oil sands, norther alberta (64% Canada current oil production)
- two recovery methods: steam injection and open pit
How does coal form? Where is coal found in Canada?
As the plants died, they sank to the bottom of the swamps. Over the years, thick layers of plants were covered by dirt and water. They were packed down by the weight. After a long time, the heat and pressure changed the plants into coal
-we find coal in BC, Alberta, saskatchewan, new brunswick ann nova scotia
-environmental concerns: air pollutants: (so2, NOx), land reclamination, tailings, waste water
renewable reasources vs non renewable
- renewable: those that can be replenished in a fairly short time period
- non-renewable sources: cannot be replenished over a period of time short enough to support human (coal, liquid fuels, natural gas, nuclear fuels) (this is an anthropogenic view as we are saying it doesnt replenish in our lifetime/ in time for our use. earth is replenishing these resources, but it takes millions of years)
primary energy vs secondary energy
- primary energy: energy found in nature and including secondary energy
- secondary energry: energy used by final consumers (energy in electriity, energy used to heat/cool buildings, etc)
canada energy use
- 6th in world in terms of energy productionand 6th in consumtption
- 3rd largest reserves/ capacity and 5th producer for crude oil
- we have high energy use per person (ex. each family member has a car, everyone wants large homes, THIS IS NOT SUSTAINABLE)
hydrocarbon migration
- oil and gas are less dense than waer, they migrate upwards
- they start in a source rock and then migrate up until they are stopped by a trap rock
- good source rocks: sandstones (aquifers)
- good trap rocks: clay (aquitards) (trap rock is impermeable)
- oil and gas are stopped from escaping at the surface through oil and gas traps
oil and gas (petroleum traps)
- prevent oil and gas escaping with an impermeable ‘cap’
- structural traps: geological structures trap oil and gas, e. anticlines, faults
- stratigraphic traps: results from sedimentaition patterns, ex. sandstone lensues,pinchout, unconformities, reefs
oil pool and oil fields
- oil pools: underground accumulations of oil
- oil fields: regions underlain by one or more oil pool
trans mountain pipeline
- twin existing line to boost pipeline’s capacity
- large increarse in globale co2 emissions and global warming
- ethical issues (indigingeous rights)
- transpovinical issues, federal jurisdictions, global trade
- place-specific impacts of the infrastructure required
oil and gas environ issues
- mining, water use/pollution
- reclamation (exploration, drilling)
- transport (spills, pipelines)
- greenhouse gases
what is coal made of
- compacted plant material
- sedimentary rock (lignite (brown coal), bituminous coal)
- metamorphic rock ( anthracite)
what is the depth of coal beds
- coal ocurs in beds up to 30 m thick
- beds close to the surface are strip mined
which coal is the most efficient
- older coal
- more recent coal is not as efficient for burnin
how many types of coal are there
- 4 types
- classified based on how long theyve been “cooking”
