energy reactions in cells Flashcards
what is catabolism
breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones
oxidative
releases large amount of free energy
produces intermediary metabolites
what is anabolism
smaller molecules built up into larger ones
reductive
uses the intermediary metabolites and energy produced by catabolism to drive the synthesis of important cell components
name some H-carrier molecules
OXIDISED / REDUCED
NAD+/NADH + H+
NADP+/NADPH + H+
FAD/FADH2
what is the role of h carrier molecules
act as carriers of ‘reducing power’ for ATP production and biosynthesis
total conc is always constant
name some high energy signals
ATP
NADH
NADPH
FAD2H
name some low energy signals
ADP AMP NAD+ NADP+ FAD
what is gibbs free energy
energy released in an exergonic reaction that is available to do work
state the reaction of creatine phosphate and ATP. what enzyme catalyses this
creatine + ATP creatine phosphate + ADP
creatine kinase
role of creatine phosphate
when ATP conc is high creatine phosphate is made from creatine.
therefore when ATP is low it can be regenerated from creatine phosphate so acts as a small store of free energy in muscle cells (skeletal and cardiac).
Important in first few seconds of vigorous muscle activity
what is creatinine
breakdown product of creatine and creatine phosphate
what is creatine kinase a marker of and how
myocardial infarction
different isoform combinations are found in different tissues and one isoform combination is specific to heart muscle .
CK is released from cardiac myocytes when damaged in myocardial infarction
what is creatinine a clinical marker of?
kidney function as kidney removes creatinine from blood
muscle wasting
creatinine conc in urine is a marker of urine dilution
