energy on the move

Question 1

what does the kinetic energy of an object depend on?

Answer 1

its mass and speed

Question 2

what are the main fuels for cars?

Answer 2

petrol and diesel oils

Question 3

what does the use of fossil fuels cause?

Answer 3

more pollution, especially in cities
cost more to run
decrease supplies of non-renewable fossil fuels

Question 4

name a type of bio fuel?

Answer 4

organic waste

Question 5

what are the 2 types of electric cars?

Answer 5

battery driven

solar powered-fitted with solar panels

Question 6

what are the units of KE?

Answer 6

joules

Question 7

what are fuel consumption data based on?

Answer 7

ideal road conditions and a car being driven at a steady speed

Question 8

how are values obtained?

Answer 8

in urban and non-urban conditions

Question 9

what is the problems with fossil fuelled power stations?

Answer 9

they pollute the local atmosphere and cause acid rain

Question 10

why can it be argued that battery operated cars pollute the atmosphere?

Answer 10

they require electricity from fossil fuelled power stations

Question 11

if fossil fuels run out what will we have to rely on?

Answer 11

bio-fuelled electricity
solar-powered vehicles
electric vehicles recharged using electricity from nuclear power stations or renewable sources

Question 12

what happens when the car stops?

Answer 12

its kinetic energy changes into heat in the brakes, tyres and road

Question 13

what does work done by brakes equal?

Answer 13

loss in kinetic energy

Question 14

what is the equation for change in kinetic energy?

Answer 14

braking force x braking distance

Question 15

what happens if the speed of a car doubles?

Answer 15

the kinetic energy quadruples

the braking distance quadruples

Question 16

what are petrol and diesel made from?

Answer 16

oil

Question 17

which is more refined petrol or diesel oil?

Answer 17

petrol

Question 18

what happens in the engine of a petrol engine car?

Answer 18

fuel is ignited by a spark from a spark plug

Question 19

what happens in the engine of a diesel engine car?

Answer 19

it is ignited by hot compressed air in a cylinder

Question 20

why is a diesel engine more efficient than a petrol engine?

Answer 20

diesel cars have lower co2 emissions than petrol cars. But diesel engines produce more of the emissions that affect air quality and can damage our health such as NO and particulates.

Question 21

how can friction forces on moving objects such as vehicles be reduced?

Answer 21

by streamlining their shapes by:
shaping car roof boxes
making high speed cars wedge like in shape
angling lorry deflectors

Question 22

what are factors affecting the fuel consumption of a car?

Answer 22

amount of energy required to increase its kinetic energy
that amount of energy required for it to do work against friction
its speed
how it is driven, such as excessive acceleration and deceleration, constant braking and speed changes
road conditions, such as a rough surface

Question 23

what are the disadvantages of electric powered cars?

Answer 23

battery takes up a lot of room
limited range before recharging
expensive to buy but cost of recharging is low
solar powered cars rely on the sun shining and need backup batteries