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Biology - Life on Earth > Energy In Ecosystems > Flashcards

Energy In Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

Define an ecosystem

A

All the living and non living things in an environment

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2
Q

Define a habitat

A

The place where an organism lives

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3
Q

What is the definition of a community ?

A

All the different populations in an ecosystem (plants and animals).

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4
Q

Define a niche

A

The role an organism plays within its community

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5
Q

What is the definition of a species ?

A

A group of organisms who can breed to produce fertile offspring

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6
Q

What term would you use to describe all the different populations of plants and animals ?

A

Community

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7
Q

What term would you use to describe all the oak trees ?

A

Population

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8
Q

What is the definition of a producer ?

A

A green plant which makes its own food using photosynthesis

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9
Q

What is the definition of a consumer ?

A

An organism which gains energy by eating other organisms

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10
Q

What is the definition of a herbivore ?

A

A consumer who only eats plants

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11
Q

What is the definition of a carnivore ?

A

A consumer who only eats animals

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12
Q

What is the definition of an omnivore ?

A

A consumer who eats both plants and animals

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13
Q

What is the definition of a predator ?

A

An organism which hunts other organisms

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14
Q

What is the definition of prey ?

A

An organism that is hunted by other organisms

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15
Q

What do the arrows on a food chain represent ?

A

Direction of energy flow

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16
Q

What percentage of energy is passed on from one level to the next in a food chain/web ?

A

10%

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17
Q

What is the energy passed on from levels in a food web used for ?

A

Growth

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18
Q

State 3 ways energy is lost from a food chain

A

Heat
Movement
Undigested materials

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19
Q

What information is illustrated by a pyramid of numbers ?

A

The number of organisms at each stage of the food chain

20
Q

What information is illustrated by a pyramid of energy ?

A

The energy content at each stage of a food chain

21
Q

What is illustrated by a pyramid of biomass ?

A

The mass of organisms at each stage of the food chain

22
Q

Which 2 types of pyramid are always a true pyramid shape ?

A

Pyramid of biomass and a pyramid of energy

23
Q

When does competition occur amongst organisms ?

A

When more than one organism requires the same resources

24
Q

Define interspecific competition ?

A

Competition that occurs between DIFFERENT species

25
Q

Define intraspecific competition

A

Competition that occurs between individuals of the SAME species

26
Q

What do plants compete for ?

A

Light
Water
Space
Soil nutrients

27
Q

What do animals compete for ?

A

Food
Shelter
A mate
Water

28
Q

Why do plants require nitrogen ?

A

To make proteins

29
Q

What is the only form of nitrogen that a plant can uptake ?

A

Nitrates

30
Q

What happens to the nitrates in the soil ?

A

There is an uptake by the plant and they are turned into plant protein

31
Q

What process converts plant protein into animal protein ?

A

Eating

32
Q

What is the plant and animal protein converted into when they die and are decomposed ?

A

Ammonia

33
Q

What type of microorganism decompose the dead plants and animals ?

A

Fungi

Bacteria

34
Q

What form of nitrogen is ammonia converted into ?

A

Nitrites

35
Q

What process converts ammonia into nitrites ?

A

Nitrification

36
Q

What form of nitrogen is nitrites converted into ?

A

Nitrates

37
Q

What process converts nitrites to nitrates ?

A

Nitrification

38
Q

What process can convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates in the soil ?

A

Nitrogen fixation

39
Q

What type of bacteria can take atmospheric nitrogen and trap it as nitrates in the soil ?

A

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

40
Q

What two places can you find nitrogen fixing bacteria ?

A

In the root nodules of leguminous plants and free living in the soil

41
Q

What type of bacteria convert nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen ?

A

Denitrifying bacteria

42
Q

What process converts nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen ?

A

Denitrification

43
Q

What type of bacteria converts ammonia into nitrites ?

A

Nitrifying bacteria

44
Q

What is the definition of a population ?

A

The number of organisms of the same species living in a certain area

45
Q

What type of bacteria converts nitrites into nitrates ?

A

Nitrifying bacteria

Biology - Life on Earth (5 decks)

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