Energetics

Question 1

3 types of work

Answer 1

1. Chemical work
2. Mechanical work
3. Transport work

All use ATP

Question 2

ATP

Answer 2

All organisms use it - Universal source

The bulk of this energy is supplied in the same way and it is carried to the places where it is used in the form of ATP

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

Consists of:
- A Ribose
- Adenine
- A triphosphate group

Question 3

Phosphoanhydride bonds

Answer 3

Two phosphates linked together by an oxygen atom

3 intertwined characteristics:

1. Require input of energy to form
2. Are quite stable once they are formed
3. Release of a large amount of energy when they are broken

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

The material and energy transactions that take place in a living organism.

Transactions occur in iintricate raction sequences

• Metabolic pathways
• Thousands of different kinds of reactions in just one cell

Occur in orderly sequences regulated by:

• Genetic control mechanisms
• Chemcal control mechanisms

Question 5

2 kinds of metabolism processes

Answer 5

1. Extraction of chemical energy from foodstuff molecules, and the channeling of that energy into useful functions
2. Chemical alteration and rearrangement of nutrient molecules into small precursors of other kinds of biological molecules

Question 6

Energy

Answer 6

The ability to do work

The ability to produce a change in either state or motion of matter

All forms of energy are associated with motion either expressed or potential

Several different forms

Question 7

Energy forms

Answer 7

All forms of energy are associated with motion, either expressed or potential

1. Heat
2. Electrical energy
3. Mechanical energy
4. Chemical energy
5. Radient energy (X-Rays, Gamma rays)

Question 8

Law of energy conservation

Answer 8

First law of energy conservation

Energy can neither be created or destroyed - It can just be changed from one form to another

• crucial to living systems
• required for metabolism
• only be obtained from physical universe in some form

Question 9

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 9

Disorder in the universe is always increasing
Some energy becomes unusable, increasing entropy in universe

Entropy: Measure of disorder or randomness

Question 10

Energy cycle

Answer 10

Our energy comes from the sun

That energy s ultimately converted into sugar (food)

Question 11

Exergonic reaction

Answer 11

Results in the production of free energy

The reaction of ATP to form ADP and inorganic phosphate (Respiration)

This energy is crucial

Question 12

Endergonic reaction

Answer 12

Reactions which require that energy is supplied

will not occur spontaneously (photosynthesis)

Yeilds products richer in potential energy than reactants - stores energy