Endodermal Derivatives Flashcards

1
Q

Germ layer: Organs

Endoderm: _____, _____, _____

A

gut, liver, lungs

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2
Q

Germ layer: Organs

_________: skeleton, muscle, kidney, heart blood

A

Mesoderm

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3
Q

Germ layer: Organs

Ectoderm: _______, nervous system

A

skin

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4
Q

the gut is just a _____

A

tube

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5
Q

endoderm is derived from _____ cells that ingress through the primitive streak

A

epiblast cells

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6
Q

endoderm is derived from epiblast cells that _______ through the primitive streak

A

ingress

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7
Q

endoderm is derived from epiblast cells that ingress through the _______ _____

A

primitive streak

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8
Q

endoderm will displace the _______

A

hypoblast

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9
Q

endoderm is lining the ______

A

archenteron

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10
Q

3 guts

A

foregut, midgut, and hindgut

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11
Q

_____ arbitrary structure; part of the gut that opens into the yolk sac

A

midgut

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12
Q

midgut is open to the cavity: __________

A

anterior intestinal portal

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13
Q

anterior and posterior intestinal portal will eventually meet

  • midgut will be held by _______
A

mesenchyme

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14
Q

mesenchyme will be called ______ when it suspends the gut

A

mesentery

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15
Q

mesenchyme will be called mesentery when it suspends the gut

intestine: _______
Stomach: mesogaster
diverticulum: allantois

A

mesenterium

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16
Q

mesenchyme will be called mesentery when it suspends the gut

intestine: mesenterium
Stomach: _______
diverticulum: allantois

A

mesogaster

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17
Q

mesenchyme will be called mesentery when it suspends the gut

intestine: mesenterium
Stomach: mesogaster
diverticulum: ________

A

allantois

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18
Q

true or false

gut becomes bigger and bigger

A

False (smaller and smaller)

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19
Q

formation of gut is _______ with the development of the organ systems

A

concomitant

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20
Q

formation of amnion and chorion; ________

A

neurulation

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21
Q

formation of amnion and chorion; neurulation
- _________ ___
-reduction in size of yolk sac at the expense of growth in length of gut
- gut is elongating
- gut very constricted

A

midsagital cut

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22
Q

________
the reduction in size of yolk sac at the expense of growth in length of gut
-gut is elongating and very constricted

A

neurulation

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23
Q

Development of the gut
by the end of _______

A

6 weeks

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24
Q

_______ gives rise to different structures
Lungs, pancreas, pharynx

A

regionalization of the gut

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25
Q

regionalization of the gut
gives rise to different structures :

A

lungs, pancreas, pharynx

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26
Q

regionalization of the gut
beginning: tube has the ability to secrete _____

A

Shh

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27
Q

Regionalization of the gut

surrounding mesenchyme (____ ______) secretes epimorphin

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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28
Q

Regionalization of the gut

surrounding mesenchyme (splanchnic mesoderm) secretes _____

A

epimorphin

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29
Q

Regionalization of the gut

true or false
initiative to form gut starts from the gut itself then sends signals to cells around it

A

True

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30
Q

Regionalization of the gut

______ will secrete epimorphin to regionalize the gut

A

mesenchyme

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31
Q

Regionalization of the gut

Interaction of ___ gradient of the tube and ____

A

Shh, epimorphin

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32
Q

Regionalization of the gut

_______-_______ interactions are at play here

A

epithelial-mesenchymal

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33
Q

Regionalization of the gut

_______ are the reason why certain structures arise surrounding the gut

A

influence of mesenchyme around the gut

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34
Q

Wnt - antagonists

foregut:____

A

Hhex

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35
Q

Wnt - antagonists
midgut:____

A

Pdx1

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36
Q

Wnt - antagonists

hindgut:___

A

Cdx

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37
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm

secrete ___ and ____: induce the gut to finalize regionalization

A

Wnt, FGF 4

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38
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm
secrete Wnt and FGF -4

forms a gradient: hindgut will form a _____

A

hindgut

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39
Q

_______: no hindgut structures will develop

A

wnt antagonists

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40
Q

foregut: ____, _____, ____

A

lung buds, pharyngeal arches, pouches

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41
Q

Development of the Foregut

foregut, midgut and hindgut develop during head, tail and lateral body ____

A

folding

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42
Q

Development of the Foregut

Pharynx gives rise to:
PESduLiR

A

Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
duodenum: liver and pancreas
Liver and pancreas
Resporatory System (alveoli to larynx)

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43
Q

Development of the Foregut

Primitive Pharynx
- 5 ridges appear
-called _________ _______
- 1,2,3,4,5 (6)

A

pharyngeal arches

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44
Q

Development of the Foregut

arches have:

  • _______ externally
  • mesenchymal core
  • endoderm internally
A

ectoderm

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45
Q

Development of the Foregut

arches have:

  • ectoderm externally
  • _______ core
  • endoderm internally
A

mesenchymal

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46
Q

Development of the Foregut

arches have:

  • ectoderm externally
  • mesenchymal core
  • _______ internally
A

endoderm

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47
Q

primitive pharynx

differentiate ____, groove, ______

A

pouch, arch

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48
Q

Primitive Pharynx

______: is lined by endoderm

A

pouch

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49
Q

primitive pharynx

_______: ectodermally derived, induced by presence of pouch

A

groove

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50
Q

primitive pharynx

when pouch ______, induces ectoderm to invaginate

A

evaginates

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51
Q

primitive pharynx

________: cleft?? dito nagdedevelop respiratory structures such as gills

A

closing plate

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52
Q

Derivatives of the pharynx
pharynx: _______ flattened

A

dorsoventrally

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53
Q

Derivatives of the Pharynx

from floor: ______ and ______, ________

A

thyroid diverticulum and tounge and lung buds

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54
Q

Derivatives of the pharynx

from the pouches
1st pouch: ________

A

Eustachian tube to middle ear

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55
Q

Derivatives of the pharynx

from the pouches
____ pouch: Palatine tonsils

A

2nd

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56
Q

Derivatives of the pharynx

from the pouches
3rd and 4th pouches: _______, ______

A

thymus, parathyroids

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57
Q

Derivatives of the pharynx

from the pouches
5th pouch: ________ ________

A

Ultimobranchial bodies

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58
Q

True or False

Tonsils are derived from endoderm

A

False (not derived)

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59
Q

Cells that fill up thymus, thyroid, parathyroid and ultimobranchials are from ________ (rhombomeres)

A

neural crest

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60
Q

Rathke’s pouch

  • foregut meeting the _______: oral plate
A

stomodaeum

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61
Q

Rathke’s pouch

  • from the oral cavity will arise an ingrowth, that will meet with the ______ from the diencephalons
A

evagination

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62
Q

Rathke’s pouch

-meet to form the future ______

A

pituitary

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63
Q

Rathke’s pouch

_________; arise from most anteriori portion of oral cavity derived from stomodaeum

A

ectodermal

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64
Q

The Esophagus

true or False

-part of digestive tube that undergo much modification

A

False ( does not undergo)

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65
Q

The Esophagus

  • divides and divides to give rise to the ______
A

lining

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66
Q

The Esophagus

-starts as a solid cord which ________ later

A

cavitates

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67
Q

The Esophagus

-becomes highly muscular but muscles are derived from ______ mesoderm

A

splanchnic

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68
Q

The stomach

  • Differential growth rates of dorsal and ventral sides:

_____________

A

dorsal and ventral curvatures

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69
Q

The stomach

_______: grows much faster than the ventral side

A

dorsal

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70
Q

The stomach

dorsal ______ also grows much faster

A

mesogaster

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71
Q

The stomach

true or false
- stomach swings to the right

A

False ( to the left)

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72
Q

The stomach

  • original _____ side faces the left
A

dorsal

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73
Q

The stomach

tilt a little bit: _____ and ______

A

cardiac and pyloric end

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74
Q

The stomach

Swings to the left; original dorsal side faces the left: _____ side faces right side

A

ventral

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75
Q

The stomach

  • Right side faces dorsally: left side faces ventral
  • ______ tilts to the right
A

Pyloric end

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76
Q

The stomach

_______ ______ (a recess) is created: anterior part is infracardiac recess

A

Omental bursa

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77
Q

The stomach

  • O. bursa opens to ______ (parietal peritoneum through gastroepiploic foramen
A

coelom

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78
Q

The stomach
- O. bursa opens to coelom ( parietal peritoneum through _______ ________)

A

gastroepiploic foramen

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79
Q

The stomach

  • towards the part of the heart: _______ ______ (part of gastroepiploic recess)
A

infracardiac recess

80
Q

Development of Liver

  • after development of _____
A

foregut

81
Q

Development of Liver

_______ of the foregut and the midgut

A

demarcation

82
Q

Development of Liver

  • (whole length of digestive tube has capability to form liver as assayed by ability to produce ______ ______ and _______)
A

alpha fetoprotein and albumin

83
Q

Development of Liver

  • only the foregut is competent to become the liver:
    start to produce liver-specific proteins: ________ ______ and _______
A

alpha fetoprotein and albumin

84
Q

Development of Liver

_________ inhibits the liver forming capability

A

notochord

85
Q

Development of Liver
_________ __________ ____ blocks the effect of notochord allowing liver to form near heart

A

heart mesenchyme FGF

86
Q

Development of Liver

if you _____ the heart, liver does not form

A

ablate

87
Q

Development of Liver

liver cords are form from _____

A

endoderm

88
Q

Development of Liver

sinusoids are from _____ ____

A

vitelline veins

89
Q

Development of Liver

goves the area competence to form _____ structures

A

liver

90
Q

Development of Liver

  • from septum transversum: ____; acts with FGF to form liver formation
A

BMP

91
Q

Development of Liver

  • from the gut: _____ and ____: inhibit formation of liver
A

wnt and FGF4

92
Q

Venous system

  • vitelline and ______ veins and fates
A

umbilical/allantoic

93
Q

Venous system

true or false
- initially full to common cardinal vein

A

False (initially empty)

94
Q

Venous system

_______: drain the gut

A

vitelline

95
Q

Venous system

_____ has interrupted the growth of the vitelline veins

A

liver

96
Q

Venous system

divided: will form the ______ _______

A

liver sinusoids

97
Q

Venous system

  • umbilical vein: for ________
A

mammals

98
Q

Venous system

  • umbilical vein: for ________
A

mammals

99
Q

Some fetal functions of the liver

  • active ______ organ during the fetal stage
A

hematopoietic

100
Q

Some fetal functions of the liver

  • excessive loss of _____: liver will also form blood cells
A

blood

101
Q

Some fetal functions of the liver

  • produces _______, ________, _______
A

blood formed elements, urea, albumin

102
Q

  • dorsal and ventral pancreas
  • ventral ng ________: ventral pancreas
A

duodenum

103
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

  • dorsal: has own _____ that empties into the duodenum
A

duct

104
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

mesoduodenum: ________

A

mesentery

105
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

______ __ _______ : duct of dorsal pancreas

A

duct of Santorini

106
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

ventral pancreatic duct does not bud off from the main tube but from the _____ _____ ______

A

common bile duct

107
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

common bile duct came from ______ ______ _______

A

ventral liver diverticulum

108
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

_____ ___ ______: duct of ventral pancreas

A

duct of Wirsung

109
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

when dorsal pancreas grew so big, little twisting:
_____ of dorsal and ventral pancreas

  • nawawala ung duct of Santorini
A

union

110
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

duct of Wirsung will join the common bile duct: ____ ________ ____

A

main pancreatic duct

111
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

Notochord produces _____ and inhibits production of Shh

A

activin

112
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

Notochord produces activin and inhibits production of ____

A

Shh

113
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

whole stretch of gut: produce ____

A

Shh

114
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

  • queer because _____ itself produce Shh
A

notochord

115
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

allows the future pancreatic area to form _____

Confers competence to become pancreas

A

Pdx1

116
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

enables the cells to respond to surrounding ______

A

mesenchyme

117
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

_____ and ______ function

A

exocrine, endocrine

118
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

different inducers for both functions:

  • exocrine: pass through the ducts
    Empty into the ____ __ _____: to the duodenum
    Secrete pancreatic juices
A

ampulla of vater

119
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

endocrine: no duct, secretes directly to the ________

A

blood vessels

120
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

______ needed to form the pancreatic acini

A

Follistatin

121
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

Follistatin needed to form the pancreatic acini
______: group of cells that secrete something
-for formation of exocrine pancreas
- downregulate the formation of endocrine pancreas

A

acinus

122
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

______ and ______ needed for formation of alpha and Beta cells of islets of Langerhans (endocrine pancreas)

A

Pax4 and Pax6

123
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

Pax4 and Pax6 needed for formation of alpha and Beta cells of ______ __ _______ (endocrine pancreas)

A

islets of Langerhans

124
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

Pax4 and Pax6 needed for formation of alpha and Beta cells of islets of Langerhans (endocrine pancreas)

  • alpha cells: secrete _______
A

glucagon

125
Q

Formation of the Pancreas

Pax4 and Pax6 needed for formation of alpha and Beta cells of islets of Langerhans (endocrine pancreas)

  • alpha cells: secrete glucagon
  • beta cells: secrete _______
A

insulin

126
Q

Development of the Midgut

Midgut gives rise to:
- 2nd and 3rd part of ______
-rest of small intestine
- appendix
-cecum
-ascending colon
- ⅔ of transverse colon

A

duodenum

127
Q

Development of the Midgut

Midgut gives rise to:
- 2nd and 3rd part of duodenum
-rest of small _____
- appendix
-cecum
-ascending colon
- ⅔ of transverse colon

A

intestine

128
Q

Development of the Midgut

Midgut gives rise to:
- 2nd and 3rd part of duodenum
-rest of small intestine
- ______
-cecum
-ascending colon
- ⅔ of transverse colon

A

appendix

129
Q

Development of the Midgut

Midgut gives rise to:
- 2nd and 3rd part of duodenum
-rest of small intestine
- appendix
-______
-ascending colon
- ⅔ of transverse colon

A

cecum

130
Q

Development of the Midgut

Midgut gives rise to:
- 2nd and 3rd part of duodenum
-rest of small intestine
- appendix
-cecum
-ascending _____
- ⅔ of transverse colon

A

colon

131
Q

Development of the Midgut

Midgut gives rise to:
- 2nd and 3rd part of duodenum
-rest of small intestine
- appendix
-cecum
-ascending colon
- __ of transverse colon

A

132
Q

Midgut

  • gut where it opens to the ____ stalk
A

yolk

133
Q

Midgut

  • gut where it opens to the yolk stalk
  • ______, ______
A

jejunum, ileum

134
Q

Development of Hindgut

Hindgut gives rise to:

  • last ___ of transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
    -rectum
  • upper ⅔ of anal canal
A

135
Q

Development of Hindgut

Hindgut gives rise to:

  • last ⅓ of _______ colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
    -rectum
  • upper ⅔ of anal canal
A

transverse

136
Q

Development of Hindgut

Hindgut gives rise to:

  • last ⅓ of transverse colon
  • _______ colon
  • sigmoid colon
    -rectum
  • upper ⅔ of anal canal
A

descending

137
Q

Development of Hindgut

Hindgut gives rise to:

  • last ⅓ of transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • _____ ______
    -rectum
  • upper ⅔ of anal canal
A

sigmoid colon

138
Q

Development of Hindgut

Hindgut gives rise to:

  • last ⅓ of transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • _____
  • upper ⅔ of anal canal
A

rectum

139
Q

Development of Hindgut

Hindgut gives rise to:

  • last ⅓ of transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
    -rectum
  • upper ___of anal canal
A

140
Q

Development of Hindgut

Hindgut gives rise to:

  • last ⅓ of transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
    -rectum
  • upper ⅔ of ______ _______
A

anal canal

141
Q

The intestines

  • Highly coiled tube
  • In mammals an _____ ______ is formed
  • intestine grows much faster than
  • cephalic and caudal loop of umbilical hernia
A

umbilical hernia

142
Q

The intestines

  • Highly coiled tube
  • In mammals an umbilical hernia is formed
  • intestine grows much faster than
  • _______ and ______ loop of umbilical hernia
A

cephalic, caudal

143
Q

The intestines

  • Highly coiled tube
  • In mammals an umbilical hernia is formed
  • intestine grows much faster than
  • cephalic and caudal loop of _______ ______
A

umbilical hernia

144
Q

The intestines

______: because it is outside abdominal cavity; nasa lugar na hindi dapat
- intestines are pulled into the peritoneal cavity when abdominal space can accommodate
-Biochemical differentiation of intestinal cells inherent within the cells: wala masyadong na fefeel na outside influence
- wnt and FGF

A

hernia

145
Q

The intestines

hernia: because it is _____ ______ ______; nasa lugar na hindi dapat
- intestines are pulled into the peritoneal cavity when abdominal space can accommodate
-Biochemical differentiation of intestinal cells inherent within the cells: wala masyadong na fefeel na outside influence
- wnt and FGF

A

outside abdominal cavity

146
Q

The intestines

hernia: because it is outside abdominal cavity; nasa lugar na hindi dapat
- _______ are pulled into the peritoneal cavity when abdominal space can accommodate
-Biochemical differentiation of intestinal cells inherent within the cells: wala masyadong na fefeel na outside influence
- wnt and FGF

A

intestines

147
Q

The intestines

hernia: because it is outside abdominal cavity; nasa lugar na hindi dapat
- intestines are pulled into the _________ cavity when abdominal space can accommodate
-Biochemical differentiation of intestinal cells inherent within the cells: wala masyadong na fefeel na outside influence
- wnt and FGF

A

peritoneal

148
Q

The intestines

hernia: because it is outside abdominal cavity; nasa lugar na hindi dapat
- intestines are pulled into the peritoneal cavity when ______ _____ can accommodate
-Biochemical differentiation of intestinal cells inherent within the cells: wala masyadong na fefeel na outside influence
- wnt and FGF

A

abdominal space

149
Q

The intestines

hernia: because it is outside abdominal cavity; nasa lugar na hindi dapat
- intestines are pulled into the peritoneal cavity when abdominal space can accommodate
-Biochemical differentiation of intestinal cells _______ within the cells: wala masyadong na fefeel na outside influence
- wnt and FGF

A

inherent

150
Q

The intestines

hernia: because it is outside abdominal cavity; nasa lugar na hindi dapat
- intestines are pulled into the peritoneal cavity when abdominal space can accommodate
-Biochemical differentiation of intestinal cells inherent within the cells: wala masyadong na fefeel na outside influence
- ___ and FGF

A

wnt

151
Q

The intestines

inverted u: ___ __ _: yolk stalk that connects with yolk sac
- yolk stalk because it follows the avian paradigm
- (in B) lumalaki na ang structures
umbilical

A

tip of u

152
Q

The intestines

inverted u: tip of U: yolk stalk that connects with yolk sac
- yolk stalk because it follows the _____ paradigm
- (in B) lumalaki na ang structures
umbilical

A

avian

153
Q

39 days human embryo

  • _____ ____ becomes more anterior than cephalic end
  • cloacal plate: very much like the oral plate in stomodaeum: proctodaeum
  • most posterior parts makes contact with ectoderm
A

caudal loop

154
Q

39 days human embryo

  • caudal loop becomes more ______ than cephalic end
  • cloacal plate: very much like the oral plate in stomodaeum: proctodaeum
  • most posterior parts makes contact with ectoderm
A

anterior

155
Q

39 days human embryo

  • caudal loop becomes more anterior than _______
  • cloacal plate: very much like the oral plate in stomodaeum: proctodaeum
  • most posterior parts makes contact with ectoderm
A

cephalic end

156
Q

39 days human embryo

  • caudal loop becomes more anterior than cephalic end
  • ______ _______: very much like the oral plate in stomodaeum: proctodaeum
  • most posterior parts makes contact with ectoderm
A

cloacal plate

157
Q

39 days human embryo

  • caudal loop becomes more anterior than cephalic end
  • cloacal plate: very much like the oral plate in ________: proctodaeum
  • most posterior parts makes contact with ectoderm
A

stomodaeum

158
Q

39 days human embryo

  • caudal loop becomes more anterior than cephalic end
  • cloacal plate: very much like the oral plate in stomodaeum: ________
  • most posterior parts makes contact with ectoderm
A

proctodaeum

159
Q

39 days human embryo

  • caudal loop becomes more anterior than cephalic end
  • cloacal plate: very much like the oral plate in stomodaeum: proctodaeum
  • most ________ parts makes contact with ectoderm
A

posterior

160
Q

39 days human embryo

  • caudal loop becomes more anterior than cephalic end
  • cloacal plate: very much like the oral plate in stomodaeum: proctodaeum
  • most posterior parts makes contact with ________
A

ectoderm

161
Q

39 days human embryo

  • history of ____: closely related with history of reproductive and excretory system: appearance of other extraembryonic membranes (allantois)
  • splitting of the cloaca
  • development is dependent on sex of organism
  • small intestines come from the cephalic loop
A

anus

162
Q

39 days human embryo

  • history of anus: closely related with history of reproductive and excretory system: appearance of other extraembryonic membranes (_______)
  • splitting of the cloaca
  • development is dependent on sex of organism
  • small intestines come from the cephalic loop
A

allantois

163
Q

39 days human embryo

  • history of anus: closely related with history of reproductive and excretory system: appearance of other extraembryonic membranes (allantois)
  • splitting of the ______
  • development is dependent on sex of organism
  • small intestines come from the cephalic loop
A

cloaca

164
Q

39 days human embryo

  • history of anus: closely related with history of reproductive and excretory system: appearance of other extraembryonic membranes (allantois)
  • splitting of the cloaca
  • development is dependent on ___ of organism
  • small intestines come from the cephalic loop
A

sex

165
Q

39 days human embryo

  • history of anus: closely related with history of reproductive and excretory system: appearance of other extraembryonic membranes (allantois)
  • splitting of the cloaca
  • development is dependent on sex of organism
  • small intestines come from the ______ _____
A

cephalic loop

166
Q

The Respiratory System
- very different function
- from a _______ ________ of the pharynx near the esophagus
-starts off as the laryngotracheal groove

A

ventral evagination

167
Q

The Respiratory System
- very different function
- from a ventral evagination of the _______ near the esophagus
-starts off as the laryngotracheal groove

A

pharynx

168
Q

The Respiratory System
- very different function
- from a ventral evagination of the pharynx near the _________
-starts off as the laryngotracheal groove

A

esophagus

169
Q

The Respiratory System
- very different function
- from a ventral evagination of the pharynx near the esophagus
-starts off as the _______ groove

A

laryngotracheal

170
Q

The Respiratory System
- human model
- develop like a gland
from ___ week to ___ week: pseudoglandular
- first two branches: main bronchi
- later on canalizes
- become a saccular later on
- end of birth: alveoli

A

5th to 18th

171
Q

The Respiratory System
- human model
- develop like a gland
from 5th week to 18th week: __________
- first two branches: main bronchi
- later on saccular
- become a saccular later on
- end of birth: alveoli

A

pseudoglandular

172
Q

The Respiratory System
- human model
- develop like a gland
from 5th week to 18th week: pseudoglandular
- first two The Respiratory System
- human model
- develop like a gland
from 5th week to 18th week: pseudoglandular
- first two branches: ____ bronchi
- later on canalizes
- become a saccular later on
- end of birth: alveoli
- later on canalizes
- become a saccular later on
- end of birth: alveoli

A

main

173
Q

The Respiratory System
- human model
- develop like a gland
from 5th week to 18th week: pseudoglandular
- first two The Respiratory System
- human model
- develop like a gland
from 5th week to 18th week: pseudoglandular
- first two branches: main bronchi
- later on ______
- become a saccular later on
- end of birth: alveoli

A

canalizes

174
Q

The Respiratory System
- human model
- develop like a gland
from 5th week to 18th week: pseudoglandular
- first two The Respiratory System
- human model
- develop like a gland
from 5th week to 18th week: pseudoglandular
- first two branches: main bronchi
- later on canalizes
- become a _______ later on
- end of birth: alveoli

A

saccular

175
Q

The Respiratory System
- human model
- develop like a gland
from 5th week to 18th week: pseudoglandular
- first two The Respiratory System
- human model
- develop like a gland
from 5th week to 18th week: pseudoglandular
- first two branches: main bronchi
- later on canalizes
- become a saccular later on
- end of birth: _______

A

alveoli

176
Q

The Respiratory System

  • ___ week: 7 months the surfactant are being secreted by type 2 alveoli
    Surfactant very important for breathing
    Lipid structure that enables lungs to expand fully
    Produces surface tension
    When lung collapses, they will not stick to each other
A

26th

177
Q

The Respiratory System

  • 26th week: __ months the surfactant are being secreted by type 2 alveoli
    Surfactant very important for breathing
    Lipid structure that enables lungs to expand fully
    Produces surface tension
    When lung collapses, they will not stick to each other
A

7

178
Q

The Respiratory System

  • 26th week: 7 months the _____ are being secreted by type 2 alveoli
    Surfactant very important for breathing
    Lipid structure that enables lungs to expand fully
    Produces surface tension
    When lung collapses, they will not stick to each other
A

surfactant

179
Q

The Respiratory System

  • 26th week: 7 months the surfactant are being secreted by _____ __ alveoli
    Surfactant very important for breathing
    Lipid structure that enables lungs to expand fully
    Produces surface tension
    When lung collapses, they will not stick to each other
A

type 2

180
Q

The Respiratory System

  • 26th week: 7 months the surfactant are being secreted by type 2 alveoli
    Surfactant very important for _______
    Lipid structure that enables lungs to expand fully
    Produces surface tension
    When lung collapses, they will not stick to each other
A

breathing

181
Q

The Respiratory System

  • 26th week: 7 months the surfactant are being secreted by type 2 alveoli
    Surfactant very important for breathing
    ______ ______ that enables lungs to expand fully
    Produces surface tension
    When lung collapses, they will not stick to each other
A

Lipid structure

182
Q

The Respiratory System

  • 26th week: 7 months the surfactant are being secreted by type 2 alveoli
    Surfactant very important for breathing
    Lipid structure that enables ______ to expand fully
    Produces surface tension
    When lung collapses, they will not stick to each other
A

lungs

183
Q

The Respiratory System

  • 26th week: 7 months the surfactant are being secreted by type 2 alveoli
    Surfactant very important for breathing
    Lipid structure that enables lungs to expand fully
    Produces ______ ______
    When lung collapses, they will not stick to each other
A

surface tension

184
Q

The Respiratory System

  • 26th week: 7 months the surfactant are being secreted by type 2 alveoli
    Surfactant very important for breathing
    Lipid structure that enables lungs to expand fully
    Produces surface tension
    When lung ______ , they will not stick to each other
A

collapses

185
Q

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in lung development

  • Role of mesenchymal induction
    There is a different reaction of ______ cells to the surrounding mesenchyme
A

endodermal

186
Q

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in lung development

  • Neck and thoracic mesenchyme
  • neck: extension of _______ groove

Extension of trachea
- thorax: end tubes to branch, maraming bronchioles formed
Nagkakaroon ng alveolar sacs

-Role of epimorphin in epithelialization
- EGH and TGF-a in lung development
- Surfactant secretion in lungs

A

laryngotracheal

187
Q

______ - ______ interaction in lung development

  • Neck and thoracic mesenchyme
  • neck: extension of laryngotracheal groove

Extension of trachea
- thorax: end tubes to branch, maraming bronchioles formed
Nagkakaroon ng alveolar sacs

-Role of epimorphin in epithelialization
- EGH and TGF-a in lung development
- Surfactant secretion in lungs

A

epithelial-mesenchymal

188
Q

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in _____ development

  • Neck and thoracic mesenchyme
  • neck: extension of laryngotracheal groove

Extension of trachea
- thorax: end tubes to branch, maraming bronchioles formed
Nagkakaroon ng alveolar sacs

-Role of epimorphin in epithelialization
- EGH and TGF-a in lung development
- Surfactant secretion in lungs

A

lung

189
Q

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in lung development

  • Neck and thoracic mesenchyme
  • neck: extension of laryngotracheal groove

Extension of trachea
- _____: end tubes to branch, maraming bronchioles formed
Nagkakaroon ng alveolar sacs

-Role of epimorphin in epithelialization
- EGH and TGF-a in lung development
- Surfactant secretion in lungs

A

thorax

190
Q

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in lung development

  • Neck and thoracic mesenchyme
  • neck: extension of laryngotracheal groove

Extension of trachea
- thorax: end tubes to branch, maraming bronchioles formed
Nagkakaroon ng alveolar sacs

-Role of _______ in epithelialization
- EGH and TGF-a in lung development
- Surfactant secretion in lungs

A

epimorphin

191
Q

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in lung development

  • Neck and thoracic mesenchyme
  • neck: extension of laryngotracheal groove

Extension of trachea
- thorax: end tubes to branch, maraming bronchioles formed
Nagkakaroon ng alveolar sacs

-Role of epimorphin in ________
- EGH and TGF-a in lung development
- Surfactant secretion in lungs

A

epithelialization

192
Q

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in lung development

  • Neck and thoracic mesenchyme
  • neck: extension of laryngotracheal groove

Extension of trachea
- thorax: end tubes to branch, maraming bronchioles formed
Nagkakaroon ng alveolar sacs

-Role of epimorphin in epithelialization
- ____ and TGF-a in lung development
- Surfactant secretion in lungs

A

EGH

193
Q

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in lung development

  • Neck and thoracic mesenchyme
  • neck: extension of laryngotracheal groove

Extension of trachea
- thorax: end tubes to branch, maraming bronchioles formed
Nagkakaroon ng alveolar sacs

-Role of epimorphin in epithelialization
- EGH and _____ in lung development
- Surfactant secretion in lungs

A

TGF-a

194
Q

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in lung development

  • Neck and thoracic mesenchyme
  • neck: extension of laryngotracheal groove

Extension of trachea
- thorax: end tubes to branch, maraming bronchioles formed
Nagkakaroon ng alveolar sacs

-Role of epimorphin in epithelialization
- EGH and TGF-a in lung development
- ________ secretion in lungs

A

surfactant

195
Q

Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction in lung development

  • Neck and thoracic mesenchyme
  • neck: extension of laryngotracheal groove

Extension of trachea
- thorax: end tubes to branch, maraming bronchioles formed
Nagkakaroon ng alveolar sacs

-Role of epimorphin in epithelialization
- EGH and TGF-a in lung development
- Surfactant secretion in _____

A

lungs