Endocrine Sys. Flashcards

(47 cards)

1
Q

Define Endocrinology

A

the study of….
1. Endocrine Glands
2. Hormones secreted by these glands
3. Mechanisms of action of hormones

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2
Q

define hormone

A

A chemical which affects target cells or organs +
travels via blood

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3
Q

define homeostasis

A

to maintain equilibrium

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4
Q

define neuroendocrine system

A

when the nervous + endocrine sys. work together

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5
Q

What are the major differences between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

A

endocrine sys:
- controls body activities by
releasing mediator molecules = hormones
- results = within secs + effects = last a long duration of time

nervous sys:
- controls body actions
through nerve impulses
- results + effects = brief

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6
Q

What is the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?

A
  • endocrine = secretes products into bloodstream
  • exocrine = secretes products into ducts
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7
Q

What does the term infundibulum mean?

A

is the pituitary stalk which is how the pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus

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8
Q

what is the major integrating center for the pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

Name the 5 cell-types in the anterior pituitary

A
  1. somatotrophs
  2. thyrotrophs
  3. gonadotrophs
  4. lactotrophs
  5. corticotrophs
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10
Q

what hormone is secreted by somatotrophs

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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11
Q

what hormone is secreted by thyrotrophs

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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12
Q

what 2 hormones are secreted by gonadotrophs

A
  1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  2. luteinizing hormone (LH)
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13
Q

what hormone is secreted by lactotrophs

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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14
Q

what 2 hormones are secreted by corticotrophs

A
  1. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
  2. melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
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15
Q

How is secretion of the hormones of the anterior pituitary regulated?

A

through the hypophyseal portal system

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16
Q

where does the blood supply to the pituitary gland come from?

A

the superior hypophyseal arteries

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16
Q

What are the 2 hormones of the posterior pituitary?

A
  1. Vasopressin (is like ADH)
  2. Oxytocin
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17
Q

what cells secrete the posterior pituitary hormones ?

A

pituicytes = supporting neurosecretory cells

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17
Q

What is the hypophyseal portal system?

A

is a portal system that allows regulated hormones from the hypothalamus to specifically reach the anterior pituitary

18
Q

Vasopressin function =

A

antidiuretic = helps retain/absorb H2O in body

19
Q

Oxytocin function =

A

stimulate uterine muscles (ex = for contraction during childbirth)

20
Q

what is a portal system?

A

it is a vein or artery
between two capillary beds, that is used to divert blood
supply for a specific purpose or to a specific location

21
Q

What 2 cell-types are present in the thyroid gland?

A
  • Parafollicular (C cells)
  • Follicular cells (principal cells)
22
Q

What hormones do Follicular cells secrete?

A
  1. thyroxine (T4)
  2. triiodothyronine (T3)
23
What hormone do C cells secrete?
calcitonin
24
what makes the thyroid hormones T4 and T3?
thyroglobulin
25
What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland?
Parathyroid hormone
26
parathyroid hormone function =
regulates the homeostasis of calcium and phosphate
27
what are the 3 different zones present in the adrenal cortex?
1. zona glomerulosa (outer) 2. zona fasciculata (middle) 3. zona reticularis (inner)
28
What hormones are secreted by the zona glomerulosa?
secretes mineralocorticoids
29
What hormones are secreted by the zona fasciculata ?
secretes glucocorticoids
30
What hormones are secreted by the zona reticularis?
secretes androgens (DHEA)
31
what is a mineralocorticoid?
aldosterone
32
what is a glucocorticoid?
cortisol
33
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine (Epi) + norepinephrine (NE)
34
what 4 cells are present in the islets of Langheran (in the pancreas) ?
1. Alpha cells 2. Beta cells 3. Delta cells 4. F cells
35
what hormone do alpha cells produce?
glucagon
36
what hormone do beta cells produce?
insulin
37
Which Pancreatic Islet cell-type is present in the highest number?
beta cells (70%)
38
what can be classified as both an endocrine and an exocrine gland
pancreas
39
what hormone do delta cells produce ?
somatostatin
40
what hormone do F cells produce ?
pancreatic polypeptide
41
What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?
melatonin
42
What functions have been attributed to this hormone?
1. responsible for setting biological clock 2. involvement in jet lag 3. involvement in seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
43
what kind of feedback is glucagon + insulin regulation?
negative feedback
44
Low blood glucose stimulates release of ?
glucagon
45
High blood glucose stimulates secretion of ?
insulin