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anatomy (final) > Endocrine Sys. > Flashcards

Endocrine Sys. Flashcards

1
Q

Define Endocrinology

A

the study of….
1. Endocrine Glands
2. Hormones secreted by these glands
3. Mechanisms of action of hormones

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2
Q

define hormone

A

A chemical which affects target cells or organs +
travels via blood

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3
Q

define homeostasis

A

to maintain equilibrium

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4
Q

define neuroendocrine system

A

when the nervous + endocrine sys. work together

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5
Q

What are the major differences between the endocrine system and the nervous system?

A

endocrine sys:
- controls body activities by
releasing mediator molecules = hormones
- results = within secs + effects = last a long duration of time

nervous sys:
- controls body actions
through nerve impulses
- results + effects = brief

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6
Q

What is the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?

A
  • endocrine = secretes products into bloodstream
  • exocrine = secretes products into ducts
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7
Q

What does the term infundibulum mean?

A

is the pituitary stalk which is how the pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus

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8
Q

what is the major integrating center for the pituitary gland?

A

hypothalamus

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9
Q

Name the 5 cell-types in the anterior pituitary

A
  1. somatotrophs
  2. thyrotrophs
  3. gonadotrophs
  4. lactotrophs
  5. corticotrophs
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10
Q

what hormone is secreted by somatotrophs

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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11
Q

what hormone is secreted by thyrotrophs

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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12
Q

what 2 hormones are secreted by gonadotrophs

A
  1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  2. luteinizing hormone (LH)
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13
Q

what hormone is secreted by lactotrophs

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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14
Q

what 2 hormones are secreted by corticotrophs

A
  1. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
  2. melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
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15
Q

How is secretion of the hormones of the anterior pituitary regulated?

A

through the hypophyseal portal system

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16
Q

where does the blood supply to the pituitary gland come from?

A

the superior hypophyseal arteries

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16
Q

What are the 2 hormones of the posterior pituitary?

A
  1. Vasopressin (is like ADH)
  2. Oxytocin
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17
Q

what cells secrete the posterior pituitary hormones ?

A

pituicytes = supporting neurosecretory cells

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17
Q

What is the hypophyseal portal system?

A

is a portal system that allows regulated hormones from the hypothalamus to specifically reach the anterior pituitary

18
Q

Vasopressin function =

A

antidiuretic = helps retain/absorb H2O in body

19
Q

Oxytocin function =

A

stimulate uterine muscles (ex = for contraction during childbirth)

20
Q

what is a portal system?

A

it is a vein or artery
between two capillary beds, that is used to divert blood
supply for a specific purpose or to a specific location

21
Q

What 2 cell-types are present in the thyroid gland?

A
  • Parafollicular (C cells)
  • Follicular cells (principal cells)
22
Q

What hormones do Follicular cells secrete?

A
  1. thyroxine (T4)
  2. triiodothyronine (T3)
23
Q

What hormone do C cells secrete?

A

calcitonin

24
Q

what makes the thyroid hormones T4 and T3?

A

thyroglobulin

25
Q

What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland?

A

Parathyroid hormone

26
Q

parathyroid hormone function =

A

regulates the homeostasis of
calcium and phosphate

27
Q

what are the 3 different zones present in the adrenal cortex?

A
  1. zona glomerulosa (outer)
  2. zona fasciculata (middle)
  3. zona reticularis (inner)
28
Q

What hormones are secreted by the zona glomerulosa?

A

secretes mineralocorticoids

29
Q

What hormones are secreted by the zona fasciculata ?

A

secretes glucocorticoids

30
Q

What hormones are secreted by the zona reticularis?

A

secretes androgens (DHEA)

31
Q

what is a mineralocorticoid?

A

aldosterone

32
Q

what is a glucocorticoid?

A

cortisol

33
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine (Epi) +
norepinephrine (NE)

34
Q

what 4 cells are present in the islets of Langheran (in the pancreas) ?

A
  1. Alpha cells
  2. Beta cells
  3. Delta cells
  4. F cells
35
Q

what hormone do alpha cells produce?

A

glucagon

36
Q

what hormone do beta cells produce?

A

insulin

37
Q

Which Pancreatic Islet cell-type is present in the highest number?

A

beta cells (70%)

38
Q

what can be classified as both an endocrine and an exocrine gland

A

pancreas

39
Q

what hormone do delta cells produce ?

A

somatostatin

40
Q

what hormone do F cells produce ?

A

pancreatic
polypeptide

41
Q

What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland?

A

melatonin

42
Q

What functions have been attributed to this hormone?

A
  1. responsible
    for setting biological clock
  2. involvement in jet lag
  3. involvement in seasonal
    affective disorder (SAD)
43
Q

what kind of feedback is glucagon + insulin regulation?

A

negative feedback

44
Q

Low blood glucose stimulates release of ?

A

glucagon

45
Q

High blood glucose stimulates secretion of ?

A

insulin

anatomy (final) (4 decks)

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