Endocrine Drugs

Question 1

The Endocrine System

Answer 1

-Complements the nervous system in controlling the body.
-Collections of glands and tissues that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or organs.

Question 3

Drugs Acting on the Endocrine Glands

Answer 3

PEPTIDE
-cannot be given orally because of proteolytic enzymes in the GIT
STEROID
-effective when injected

Question 4

Drugs Acting on Anterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 4

Growth Hormone
-Somatrem (Protropin), Somatropin (Humatrope)
Somatostatin Agonists
-Ocreotide (Sandostatin), Somatostatin, Lanreotide

Question 5

Drugs Acting on the Posterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 5

1. ADH (Vasopressin), Pitressin Synthetic, Desmopressin
2. Oxytocin

Question 6

Drugs Acting on the Adrenal Glands

Answer 6

Adrenal Medulla
-releases neurotransmitters Norepinephrine and Epinephrine
Adrenal Cortex
-Corticosteroids: androgens, glucocorticosteroids, mineralocorticoids

Question 7

Drugs Acting on the Adrenal Cortex

Answer 7

Corticoid
1. Glucocorticoid- Cortisone, Hydrocortisone
2. Mineralocorticoid- Aldosterone
3. Gonadocortiroid- Androgens

Question 8

Type of Insulin:
1. Rapid-Acting (Humalog)

Answer 8

Onset: 5-15 minutes
Peak: 30 minutes-1hour
Duration: 1-4 hours

Question 9

Type of Insulin:
2. Short-Acting (Humulin R)

Answer 9

Onset: 20-60 minutes
Peak: 2-3 hours
Duration: 3-4 hours

Question 10

Type of Insulin:
3. Intermediate-Acting (NPH, Lente)

Answer 10

Onset: 2-4 hours
Peak: 4-8 hours
Duration: 18-24 hours

Question 11

Type of Insulin:
4. Long-Acting (Humulin U, Lantus, Ultralente)

Answer 11

Onset: 4-8 hours
Peak: 14-20 hours
Duration: 24-36 hours

Question 12

Storage for vials

Answer 12

1. Unopened vials- refrigerate; not frozen
2. Vial in use- can be at room temperature for up to 1 month
3. No direct sunlight and extreme heat
4. Mixtures stable at room temperature for 1 month; 3 months under refrigeration

Question 13

Anti-Diabetic Drugs for Type II DM

Answer 13

SULPHONYLUREAS
1. Short acting- gliclazide and tolbutamide
2. Longer acting- chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glipizide
3. Works by opening Ca+ channels of the data cells stimulating release of insulin

Question 14

Anti-Diabetic Drugs

Answer 14

BIGUANIDES
-Metformin HCI
-Decreases glucose production by the liver; increase tissue response to insulin
-Diarrhea, GI s/sx, decreased appetite

Question 15

Anti-Diabetic Drugs

Answer 15

ALPHA-GLUCOSIDAE INHIBITORS
-Acarbose; Miglitol
-Reduces rate starches are broken down and absorbed ; decreases post-prandial rise in blood glucose
-Side effect flatulence

Question 16

Anti-Diabetic Drugs

Answer 16

THIAZOLIDINEDIONES
-Rosiglitazone, Pioglitazone
-Decrease insulin resistance, increase glucose uptake and decrease glucose production in liver
-Causes hypoglycemia

Question 17

Anti-Diabetic Drugs

Answer 17

GLIPTINS
-Sitagliptin
-Increases insulin release, reduces glucagon release

Question 18

Drug-drug Interactions

Answer 18

1. ↓ absorption-with cholestyramine
2. ↑ effectiveness of ANTICOAGULANTS with thyroid hormone
3. ↓ effectiveness of digitals glycosides

Question 19

Thyroid

Answer 19

1. Produces Levothyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
   -Regulates the rate of metabolism
   -Growth and development
2. Produces Calcitonin

Question 20

Drugs Acting on Endocrine System; Thyroid

Answer 20

1. L