Endocrine Flashcards
Inherited disorders causing endocrine malignancy?
MEN- multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome
= autosomal dominant inherited condition
TYPE 1: PPP - pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreas islet cell tumours
TYPE 2: PPM - parathyroid hyperplasia,phaeochromocytoma, medullary thyroid ca
TYP 3 PMM: phaeochromocytoma, medullary thyroid ca, Marfanoid habituate/multiple neuromas
Causes of hyperthyroidism?
- Graves’ disease- autoimmune disease, autoimmune TSH receptor antibodies
- Thyroid nodules- toxic modular goitre/solitary toxic nodule
- Subacute thyroiditis
- thyroid cancer
- pituitary adenoma
Causes of hypothyroidism?
- Hashimoto’s thyroiditis - goitre. Women 30-50. Thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies
- prev radio iodine, thyroidectomy
- iodine deficiency
- medication- lithium
What is subacute thyroiditis?
AKA De Quervains thyroiditis
- secondary to viral infection
- painful goitre, elevated ESR, hyperthyroid
- Tx with NSAIDs +- steroids
Causes of hypoparathyroidism
Idiopathic- autoimmune
Post thyroidectomy
After radioactive iodine therapy for Graves
Zones of adrenal Cortex?
Superficial to deep
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasiculata
- zona reticularis
What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?
Mineralocorticoids (type of corticosteroid) such as aldosterone
What does the zona fasiculata secrete?
Glucocorticoids (type of corticosteroid)- cortisol
What does the zona reticularis secrete?
Androgens eg DHES dehydroepiandrosterone
Causes of primary hyperaldosteronism
High aldosterone, suppressed renin
- aldosterone producing adrenal adenoma
- adrenal hyperplasia
- aldosterone secreting adrenal carcinoma
- familial hyperaldosteronism
Causes of secondary hyperaldosteronism
High aldosterone, high renin
- renal vascular disease
- renin secreting tumours
- liver cirrhosis
