Emergence: economic factors

Question 1

who was Sergei Witte?

Answer 1

Minister of Finance from 1893 to 1903

Question 2

What did Witte achieve

Answer 2

-increased oil production and coal output in the Caucuses and the Ukraine
-raised capital abroad to promote state-led industrial growth
-established tariffs to protect domestic industries from foreign competition
-increased domestic taxes
-placed the Russian on the Gold Standard in 1897
-invested capital in rolling stock
-developed the Trans-Siberian Railway over the better part of a decade
-directed the economy so that coal, oil, pig iron and grain production soared

Question 3

what was the economic growth in the late 1890s

Answer 3

8% a year

Question 4

why did Tsar agree to modernisation?

Answer 4

pressure from inside the Russian gov.
desires to remain a great military power

Question 5

what does modernisation lead to?

Answer 5

urbanisation
more skilled workers moving into the cities

Question 6

which cities become most urbanised?
population increase?

Answer 6

Moscow and St Petersburg
more than doubled: 1.3 million & 2.2 million respectively

Question 7

how much did coal production increase by in 1880-1900
how much did Russian industry grow

Answer 7

500% - to 16 million tons p.a.
8% p.a. - became 5th largest industrial power by 1900