Elizabeths Early Foreing Relations Flashcards
What was the treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?
France would retain Calais for 8 years and then be restored to English control providing England kelt the peace
If France failed to return Calais they agreed to pay £125,000 annually
What was the connection between Francis II (king of France) and Scotland
Francis II married Mary Queen of Scots
What family was Francis II member of ?
Guise
Who was upset by the French garrisoning of Scottish fortresses?
John Knox
Radical Calvinist leader of Scottish reformation
Led the ‘Lords of the Congregation’
Why was Elizabeth cautious in response to the Scottish Calvinists?
Cautious in interfering in domestic affairs in another nation
What did Cecil think regarding intervention?
Strongly supported it
Believed England would be more secure without a french force north of the border
Threatened to resign is Elizabeth did not support him
What were Elizabeth’s early foreign policy aims?
- Reduce MQS claim to the throne
- Prevent invasion from Northern border
- Protect interests of Scottish Protestants
What did the intervention in Scotland involve?
December 1559 the navy was sent to the Firth of Forth to stop french reinforcements from landing
When was the Treaty of Berwick ?
February 1560
What was the Treaty of Berwick ?
An English fleet and army would come to Scotland to expel the french troops defending the regency of Mary of Guise
Outcomes of the Treaty of Berwick
Army sent North in April 1560 following the offer of unconditional support for the lords of the congregation
Army and navy blockaded Port of Leith
1560 Protestants successful and Latin mass prohibited in Scotland
Outcome of intervention in Scotland?
-french fleet damaged by storms
-french withdrew
-regent Mary of Guise killed
What was the treaty of Edinburgh
Replace the auld alliance with France with a new Anglo-Scottish alliance while maintaining the peace between England and France agreed by the treaty of Cateau-Cambresis
What were the terms of the Treaty of Edinburgh
-all french military forces withdraw from Scotland
-Scottish parliament met on 10th August 1560 and the lords of the congregation were accepted as provisional conciliar government
When did the guise faction loose power in France to Scottish Lords of the Congregation?
1561
When did the French wars of Religion between Catholics and Protestants?
1562
What prompted Elizabeth to intervene with the french wars of religion?
Massacre of Huguenots are Vassy by the Duke of Guise
Leicester called for intervention as it would aid the return of Calais
What did Elizabeth promise to the french Protestants?
Promised Prince of Code 6000 men and £30,000 loan
Why did both sides of the french conflict seek to unite
Both sides were leaderless (following assassination of Duke of Guise)
Decided to remove Elizabeth’s troops out of Le Havre
When was the Treaty of Troyes?
1564
What was the Treaty of Troyes?
-Treaty between English and French governments
-unfavourable for England due to betrayal of French Huguenots
-permanent loss of Calais
Impact of loss of Calais
Short term- significant blow, became more cautious when supporting Protestant causes in Europe
Long term- advantageous due to high maintenance costs
Did Elizabeth achieve her aim of maintaining a close relationship with France?
No
French Huguenots and Catholics united against Elizabeth
Elizabeth attacked french garrisons in Scotland
Did Elizabeth achieve her aim of securing the English/Scottish border?
Yes
Treaty of Edinburgh 1560 withdrew France from Scotland
Placed lords of the congregation (Protestants) in power
Did Elizabeth achieve her aim of perusing a Protestant foreign policy?
Promised french Protestants 6000 men and £30,000
Sent naval support to Protestants in Scotland to Fifth of Forth
