Elizabethan era

Question 1

problems of legitimacy (Age is not one)

Answer 1

gender, marriage, her character and strengths

Question 2

how did gender effect legitamacy? (for eg what did the christian religion say)

Answer 2

ppl thought women could not rule as monarc, that they werent physically/mentally or emotuionally capable
and christian religion taught wwomen shoukld be under authorit of men

Question 3

Her legitamacy (henry viii marriage etc)

Answer 3

• pope refused to grant henry viii permission to divorce catherine and marry eliz mother in 1533
• and mary QOS (qos = queen of scots) declared herself as legitamate to english throne , concern as catholics may rally to marys claim to be englands monarch

Question 4

fear of rebellion in 1558 due to

Answer 4

bad harvests 1550s, food prices rise and shortage of food

food riots coming from poverty was a real possibility in 1558

Question 5

crowns debt - everything about it (like debt and how much they made per year)

Answer 5

• crown 300 000 in debt
• crowns income was only 286 667, the government did not have enough money due to costly wars fought before her reign
• lots of crowns lands were already sold to raise money to fight them
• she couldn’t raise taxes as that would make her unpopular and only done with parliament permission

Question 6

pressure to marry (why she didnt want to)

Answer 6

needed to marry to “ensure safety and security of England”

she did not intend to marry, did not want to be side lined by a husband

Question 7

threats from abroad #1

who were the biggest threats

Answer 7

France and scotland - had a friendship called The auld alliance

extra = england at war with france when eliz became quenn, gone badly, england lost calais which eng held 1347

Question 8

religious settlement when was it, why need it, and what acts did it include (prevent ___ war, or a ___ country, and the 3 acts)

Answer 8

1558, the majority of people were catholic
had been serious responses to religious changes so eliz had to be careful
eliz believed everyone should follow same religion to prevent civil war or a divided country incase of an invader
so she tried to create balance, a “middle way”
these acts included
act of supremacy
act of uniformity
and the royal injunctions

Question 9

act of supremacy what was it?

Answer 9

made eliz supreme governor of the church

church officials to take an oath of obedience to Eliz

Question 10

act of uniformity what was it (rules on worshipping etc)

Answer 10

made Protestantism official faith of england
established rules for worshipping (refusal to follow results in punish)
established appearance of churches
established form of worship
church attendance on Sundays and holy days made compulsory, fine of 12 pence

eg prayer book to be used in all churches and exact wording of it to be followed by all clergy when conducting services

Question 11

royal injuctions

Answer 11

set of instuctions to help further establish previous acts

eg .
all clergy to teach royal supremacy
no one allowed to prreach witout lickecne
pilgrimmages, monuments, face miracles banned
clergy wear special vestments
church ornament retained and be in use

Question 12

challenges of the religious settlement #1

The puritan challenge :crucifix controversy

Answer 12

puritan bishops threatened to resign, queen had to back down but insisted on keeping a crucifix in royal chapel, so foregin ambassadors report back that her religious settlement not much different from theirs

Question 13

puritan challenge:

Vestment controversy

Answer 13

1556, clear not all clegy wearing what eliz commanded

1556, so arch bishop of canterbury held exhibition in london to show vestments they must wear - 110 invited 37 didnt show up and lost their post

Question 14

catholic challenge at home from nobility

Answer 14

earls of northumberland and westmoreland foudn their influence at court was greatly redced and dislike eliz new favs robert and william

Question 15

the catholic challenge, when and what did the earls do

Answer 15

1569 earls led a rebellion, “revolt of the northern earls” - the aim was to restore Catholicism and place Mary on the throne

Question 16

main consequence of the revolt of the northern earls, why pope did it and why eliz caused it

Answer 16

as elizabeth executed hundreds of rebels in towns and cities in response to rebillion

it had madded pope pius v, and he issued the Papal bull of 1570

a dangerous document that excommunicated elizabeth from the roman catholic church

Question 17

what was the papal bull of 1570

Answer 17

it excommunicated eliz from the roman catholic church

Question 18

catholic challenge from abroad

Answer 18

catholic church in England opposed spread of Protestantism, it wanted to strengthen catholicism, this campaign was known as the counter-reformation

1566 pope instructed english catholics not to attend church of england yet most still went

Question 19

catholic challenge from france, what war and what did eliz do

Answer 19

1562 civil war france between cath and prot, may spread to england and end religious settlement
eliz helps protestants in return for calais, conflict ends 1962

Question 20

consquences of catholic challenge from france

Answer 20

upsets catholic france and spain

Question 21

catholic challenge from spain

Answer 21

philip II did not look fovurbly upon eliz settlement
threat of invasion concern as england did not have the resources to take on spain
was the most serious challenge but didnt become reality till 1588 where spain attacked for other reasons too

Question 22

churches role in socitey was too… (what did they do, what did they deal with, how did people feel about religion)

Answer 22

• religion had a huge impact 16 century - was like not believing in trees
• church gave guidance to communities and some basic schooling for children
• people turned to chruch in times of hardship
• church was central point of villagge life
• church dealt with minor and moral disputes
• religion stirred up great emotions people willing to die

Question 23

revolt of the northern earls what was their aim and what happened

Answer 23

1569, these opposed religious settlement and wanted to restore catholic faith

orderted tenants to join army
when appealed to nobles for help they denied - stayed loyal to eliz
mary qos was moved to prison prevented rescue attempts
royal army forces rebels to flee north
northumberland handed over and behead amongst other rebels, westmoreland escapes

Question 24

significance of revolt of northern earls

Answer 24

was significatnt ( eliz had raised huge army and killed lots of people suggesting she was scared)
however not serious as earls fled in panic when hearing about approach of royal army
their support came from tenants rather than wealthy nobles, showing many stayed loyal to eliz