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history paper 1 > elizabethan england > Flashcards

elizabethan england Flashcards

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1
Q

why was elizabeths gender a problem

A

16th century england was a highly patriarchal society amd people were worried that female monarchs could not lead armies into war and would only do what their husbands tell them to

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2
Q

when did elizabeth inherit the throne

A

1558

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3
Q

why did people question if elizabeths claim to the throne was legitimate

A

her mother was anne boleyn who was beheaded by henry the 8th and their marriage was annulled

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4
Q

how much debt did dhe inherit when she became queen in 1558

A

£300,000

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5
Q

what did elizabeth need to do in order to repay the debt that she inherited

A

raise taxes

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6
Q

why did she have to take out new loans

A

to fund an army and navy to defend england

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7
Q

who did catholics, puritans, and protestants believe should be head of the church

A

catholics: the pope
puritans: no one
protestants: the monarch

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8
Q

who did catholics, puritans, and protestants believe should run the church

A

catholics: archbishops and bishops
puritans: elected comitees
protestants: archbishops and bishops

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9
Q

what language did catholics, puritans, and protestants believe the bible should’ve been in

A

catholics: latin
puritans: english
protestants: english

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10
Q

what should churches look like inside according to catholics puritans and protestants

A

catholics: decorated
puritans: plain and simple
protestants: plain and simple

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11
Q

should priests wear vestments according to catholics puritans and protestants

A

catholics: yes
puritans: absolutely not
protestants: no

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12
Q

what got you into heaven according to catholics puritans and protestants

A

catholics: good works
puritans: belief in god
protestants: belief in god

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13
Q

when was the religious settlement introduced

A

1559

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14
Q

what was the act of uniformity

A

everyone had to attend churvha and follow the same book. those who didnt follow this (recusants) were fined

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15
Q

what was the act of supremacy

A

elizabeth was placed in charge of the church

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16
Q

whay did elizabeth have to except the title ‘supreme govenor’

A

house of lords would not call her ‘supreme head’ because she was a woman

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17
Q

why did the pope not immediately excommunicate her after the religious settlement

A

he thought that it was fair

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18
Q

what was the religious settlement also known as and why

A

‘the middle way’ because it kept both catholics and protestants happy

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19
Q

what were the protestant features of the religious settlement

A

elizabeth was head of church, rather than the pope, and all churches had to have an english bible

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20
Q

what were the catholic features of the religious settlement

A

churches could be highly decorated and priests had to wear vestments

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21
Q

what was opposition towards the religious setlement like before 1580

A

it was limited- most catholics remained loyal to the pope on the inside but followed elizabeths laws and attended protestant church services therefore elizabeth tolerated catholics and did not enforce the fine for recusancy in catholic areas

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22
Q

what increased risk of assassination in 1580

A

the pope said it would not be a sin to murder elizabeth

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23
Q

when did philip of spain plan an invasion of england

A

1580

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24
Q

in 1581, how much did the fine for recusancy increase by (due to increased catholic threat)

A

10,000% to £20

25
Q

when did elizabeth introduce the death penalty for anyone sheilding a priest

A

1585

26
Q

when was the law that banned catholics from travelling within 5 miles of their home introduced

A

1593

27
Q

how many catholics were there in 1588 compared to 1603

A

3 million in 1588 and 40,000 in 1603

28
Q

what were jesuits

A

catholic priests who were sepcially trained to convert people back to catholicism

29
Q

when did jesuits begin the arrives in england

A

1580s

30
Q

what countries did jesuits come from/train in

A

france, italy, spain

31
Q

who was the leader of the jesuits

A

edmund campion

32
Q

where were the jesuits hidden

A

priest holes in the homes of wealthy catholics

33
Q

what did francis wallsingham do about the jesuits

A

developed a spy network which included hundereds or agents and priest hunters

34
Q

what happened to edmund campion

A

he was hanged, drawn and quartered

35
Q

how did mqs have a strong claim to the throne

A

she was henry viii’s great-niece and elizabeths cousin and she had an heir. some believed her claim to be more legitimate than elizabeths

36
Q

what encouraged catholics to plot against elizabeth

A

she had no heir therefore mqs (catholic) was next in line to the throne

37
Q

who were marys powerful foreign supporters (france, spain and italy)

A

the french, the pope and phillip of spain all plotted with english catholics to put mary on the throne

38
Q

why did elizabeth ignore the privy councils urges to execute mqs

A

mary was her cousin and she didnt want to execute a fellow queen

39
Q

what was the throckmorton plot

A

in 1583 a young catholic nobleman (throckmorton) plotted with the french to invade england an put mary on the throne and was supported by phillip of spain and the pope. walsinghams spies uncovered the plot and he was tortured and executed

40
Q

what was the babington plot

A

1586 same motive as the throckmorton plot however babington communicated with mqs by hiding coded letters in beer barrels that went to her prison. these were intercepted by walsingham and he discovered the system but waited until he had proof of marys involvement

41
Q

when and why was mqs executed

A

1587

41
Q

what did Cecil and Walsingham manipulate Elizabeth into doing

A

signing marys death warrant

42
Q

what was the result of their manipulation

A

elizabeth didnt talk to cecil for a years

43
Q

what were the 5 main causes of the spanish armada

A

1.elizabeth refused to marry philip of spain
2. english privateers such as francis drake stole treasure from spanish ships who elizabeth later knighted
3. philip supported plots against elizabeth
4. in 1585 elizabeth sent 7000 soldiers to the netherlands to support protestant rebels fighting philips army
5. the execution of mqs angered philip

44
Q

when did the spanish armada launch

A

1588

45
Q

how many ships were in the spanish armada fleet?

A

130

46
Q

what were the spanish mistakes during the armada

A

1.leader of the armada was seasick and had no sailing experience
2. the spanish army was a week late, leaving the armada vulnerable

47
Q

what were englands strengths during the armada

A

they used fireships to break the armadas cresent formation
the english ships were smaller and more manoeuvrable

48
Q

how did the weather help the english

A

the armada was driven north by a storm and was forced to return to spain via scotland and ireland

49
Q

how many ships were shipwrecked off the coast of scotland and ireland

A

40

50
Q

what was the royal court

A

the group of nobles and privy councillors who surrounded the queen at all times

51
Q

who did elizabeth grant positions of power to

A

wealthy nobles and her favourites

52
Q

what was the system of patronage

A

people in the court owed all their power to elizabeth and knew she could remove it at any time thus guaranteeing loyalty and showing that power was based on relationships with the queen

53
Q

How often did the privy council meet and why?

A

Every day to offer advise on important issues

54
Q

What were 2 ways in which Elizabeth controlled the privy council?

A
  • appointing councillors with different viewpoints, leaving her free to choose between them
  • appointing the loyal and trusted William Cecil as Secretary of State
55
Q

Why did the earl of Essex believe that he should’ve become Secretary of State after William Cecil died?

A

-he became Elizabeth’s favourite at 18
- his success as military commander won him a place on the privy council

56
Q

Which events led to the earl of Essex’s execution?

A

-1598: he reached for his sword during an argument with Elizabeth
-1599: he led a failed military expedition in Ireland
-1600: abandoned his soldiers in Ireland and forced his way into Elizabeth’s bed chambers
-1601: plotted an armed rebellion to remove Elizabeth and make james of Scotland king

57
Q

How did the Essex rebellion reveal Elizabeth’s weakness in the 1590s?

A

The death of Cecil led to dangerous factional rivalry in the privy council
Essex struggles to respect Elizabeth’s authority because she was a woman

history paper 1 (1 decks)

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