Elizabeth Later Years Flashcards
How did Parliament react to Elizabeth’s requests for subsidies?
1589- double subsidy granted but to be collected over 4 years
1593- commons agrees to double subsidy but Burghley insists to conference between the houses which is seen as infringing on parliamentary rights. Bacon protests and falls out of favor
1597- more money granted to improve army. This time Bacon backs it. Social legislation is easily passed
1601- Whitgift blocks bill stopping pluralism.
£300, 000 subsidy proposed and Bacon and Raliegh bring up under assessment of land owners. Issue is dropped.
How did the Armada affect the navy and army?
- new and more efficient ships
- training and review of local militia
- locals forced to raise money for this
How did the Armada create/stop discontent?
- Tilbury Speech inspired troops to follow Elizabeth
- Army and navy disbanded and many not paid in full although Admiral fights for this
- Seen as win for Protestantism
What was the effects of ongoing war in the sea and on land?
- Invasion scares of 1590s
- Private licenses to pray on Spanish ships
- Sailors often take treasure for themselves
- 1592 Elizabeth takes more than her share of Madre de Dios treasure
How did the ongoing war affect politics?
- Cecil vs Essex
- 1596 expedition to Cadiz sees his ego and popularity increase
- Increase in pet projects as well as deaths of Burghley and Walsingham see lack of coordination
- 1597 council has only 11 members
- Open positions = more corruption and ‘gifts’
What were the economic effects of war?
- costs £4.5 million with surplus spent
- 1599 sees Crown lands sold off
- death of Phillip in 1598 removes burden of funding Netherlands
What aid did Elizabeth give to the Netherlands and France?
- £20, 000 lent to King of France but capture of Rouen not pursued and loans to Netherlands
- Help stops Spain in France and Netherlands
How did Elizabeth deal with the succession? How did James react?
- Pays James a pension and promises not to bar him from the throne
- James puts pressure on Elizabeth by keeping contacts with Pope, Spain and Ireland
- Essex approaches him for help in rebellion and he works with Cecil
What Catholic threat was there during the war?
- Allen (Jesuit) encourages people to join Spanish army in Admonition to people and nobility
- 1594 Lopez executed for planning to poison Queen. More likely part of faction
Why is the Catholic weak during the war years?
- Success of the Armada and defeat of Spain
- Capture of Jesuit in 1601 exposes plots
- Many Catholics are happy to exist under James
What socio-economic issues were there in the period?
- 1594 to 1598 bad harvests increase wheat prices
- A million more people
- 1590s plague at time of low immunity
- Book of Orders issued to enforce quarantine
- Inadequate responses to vagrancy and plague
What was the Oxfordshire rising?
- 1596 young men throw down enclosures and plan to march to London to met rioting apprentices.
- Plot is betrayed and they are executed.
- Overreaction alienates people as not threatening due to lack of status or support.
Why was there unrest in Ireland?
- Tyrone had seized control of key areas such as Ulster and now controlled much of Ireland
- Could be used to launch Spanish invasion
How did Essex fail in Ireland? How was the situation resolved?
- Essex sent with 16, 000 men to defeat Tyronne
- Wastes troops and money and potential treachery as he meets Tyronne alone. Then returns without permission.
- Replaced with Mountjoy who achieves surrender by 1602
When were the Kent food riots?
- 1595
