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chemistry > Electrochemistry > Flashcards

Electrochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

oxidation

A

the loss of electrons

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2
Q

reduction

A

the gain of electrons

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3
Q

oxidation-reduction reaction (redox reaction)

A

a reaction in which electrons are gained by one atom or ion and lost by another atom or ion

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4
Q

ionic equation

A

an equation in which soluble ionic compounds are written as individual ions

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5
Q

spectator ions

A

ions that are present in a solution but do not change during a reaction

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6
Q

net ionic equation

A

an equation in which the spectator ions are ommited

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7
Q

oxidizing agent

A

a reactant that accepts electrons and thus oxidizes another reactant

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8
Q

reducing agent

A

a reactant that donates electrons and thus reduces another reactant

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9
Q

half-reaction

A

an equation that describes changes in only the compound that is oxidized or the compound that is reduced

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10
Q

disproportionation reaction

A

a reaction in which some atoms of an element are oxidized and other atoms of the same element ar ereduced

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11
Q

smelting

A

the melting of ore and reduction of metal ions to atoms, then separating the metal from non-metal substances

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12
Q

refining

A

the process of removing impurities

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13
Q

oxidation number

A

a number equal to the charge than an atom would have if no electrons were shared ut instead were possessed by the atom with the greatest greatest electronegativity

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14
Q

electric current

A

a directional motion of electric charges

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15
Q

electrochemistry

A

the study of processes involved in converting chemical energy into electrical energy and vise versa

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16
Q

galvanic cell

A

a device that uses redox reactions to transform chemical potential energy into the electrical energy

17
Q

external circuit

A

a circuit outside the reactions vessel in which redox reactions are occuring

18
Q

salt bridge

A

an electrical connection between half-cells that contains an electrolyte solution, allowing a current to flow but preventing contact between the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent

19
Q

electrode

A

a conductor that carries electric current into and out of electrochemical cells

20
Q

electrolyte

A

a substance that, when dissolved in water, conducts an electric current

21
Q

anode

A

the electrode at which oxidation occurs

22
Q

cathode

A

the electrode at which reduction occurs

23
Q

inert electrode

A

a conductor that consists of neither that reactant nor the product but provides a surface on which redox reactions can occur

24
Q

cell notation

A

a shorthand method of representing galvanic cells

25
Q

electric potential difference

A

between two points, is the amount of energy that a unit charge would gain by moving from one point to the other

26
Q

voltage

A

the common term for electrical potential difference

27
Q

cell potential

A

the electrical potential difference between the two electrodes of a cell

28
Q

standard cell potential

A

the cell potential when the salt concentrations of all salt solutionsare 1.0 mol/L under standard conditions of temp and pressure

29
Q

standard reduction potential

A

the potential difference between a give half-cell and a hydrogen half-cell, when all solutes are present at 1.0 mol/L concentrations at SATP and hydrogen gas is at 1.0 atm of pressure

30
Q

dry cell

A

a galvanic cell in which the electrolyte has been thickened into a paste

31
Q

battery

A

a set of galvanic cells connected in series

32
Q

primary/secondary battery

A

primary: a disposable battery that cannot be recharged

secondary: a rechargable battery

33
Q

alkaline battery

A

a dry cell that has an alkaline electrolyte in the paste

34
Q

button battery

A

a very small dry cell, usually having an alkaline electrolyte in the paste and either zinc and mercury/silver electrodes

35
Q

fuel cell

A

a battery in which reactants can be added and products can be removed while the battery is operating

36
Q

corrosion

A

a spontaneous redox reaction between materials and substances in their environment

37
Q

galvanizing

A

the process of covering iron with a protective layer of zinc

38
Q

sacrificial anode

A

a metal that oxidizes more easily than iron and is destroyed to protect an iron object

39
Q

cathodic protection

A

the process of attaching a more reactive metal to an iron object that will act as an anode and prevent the iron pbject from corroding

chemistry (6 decks)

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