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Therapeutic Modalities > Electrical Stimulant Current > Flashcards

Electrical Stimulant Current Flashcards

1
Q

Ions

A

A positively or negatively charged particle

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2
Q

Electrical Potential

A

The difference between charged particles at a higher and lower potential

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3
Q

Electron

A

Fundamental particles of matter possessing a negative electrical charge and cery small mass

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4
Q

Electrical current

A

The net movement of electrons along a conducting medium

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5
Q

Ampere

A

Unit of measure that indicates the rate at which electrical current is flowing

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6
Q

Coulomb

A

Indicates the number of electronflowing in a current

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7
Q

Current

A

The flow of electrons

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8
Q

Volt

A

The electromotive force that must be applied to produce a movement of electrons. A measureof electrical power

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9
Q

Voltage

A

The force resulting from an accumulation of electrons at one point in an electrical circuit, usually corresponding to a deficit of electrons at another point in the circuit

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10
Q

Conductors

A

Materials that permit the free movement of electrons

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11
Q

Conductance

A

The ease with which a current flows along a conducting medium

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12
Q

Insulators

A

Materials that resist current flow

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13
Q

Resistance

A

The opposition to electron flow in a conducting material

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14
Q

Electrical Impedance

A

The opposition to electron flow in a conducting material

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15
Q

Ohm

A

A unit of measure that indicates resistance to current flow

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16
Q

Ohm`s Law

A

The current in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.

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17
Q

Watt

A

A measure of electrical power (watt = volt x ampere)

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18
Q

Alternating current

A

Current that periodically changes its polarity or direction of flow.

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19
Q

Biphasic current

A

Another name for alternating current in which the direction of current flow reverses direction

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20
Q

Direct Current

A

Galvanic current that always flows in the same direction and may flow in wither a positive or negative direction

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21
Q

Monophasic Current

A

Another name for direct current, in which the direction of current flow remains the same

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22
Q

Pulsatile currents

A

Contain three or more pulses grouped together and can be unidirectional or bidirectional

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23
Q

Current flow formula

A

Current flow = voltage / amperes

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24
Q

Transcutaneous electrical stimulator

A

All therapeutic electrical generator regardless of whether they deliver biphasic, monophasic, or pulsatile currents through electrodes attached to the skin

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25
Q

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS)

A

A transcutaneous electrical stimulator used to stimulate peripheral nerves

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26
Q

Neuromuscular electrical stimulator (NMES)

A

Also called an electrical muscle stimulator (EMS), it is used to stimulate muscle directly, as would be the case with denervated muscle where peripheral nerves are not functioning

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27
Q

Microcurrent electrical nerve stimulator (MENS)

A

Used primarily in tissue healing, the current intensities too small to excite peripheral nerves

28
Q

Low-intensity stimulator (LIS)

A

Another more current term for MENS

29
Q

Microcurrent

A

The term most commonly used to refer to MENS or LIS

30
Q

Frequency

A

The number of cycles or pulses per second

31
Q

Waveform

A

The shape of an electrical current as displayed on an oscilloscope

32
Q

Amplitude

A

The intensity of current flow as indicated by the height of the waveform from baseline

33
Q

Duration

A

Sometimes also referred to as pulse width. Indicates the lenght of time the current is flowing

34
Q

Pulse

A

An individual waveform

35
Q

Phases

A

That portion of the pulse that rises above or below the baseline for some period of time

36
Q

Cycle

A

Applies to biphasic current

37
Q

Interphase interval

A

The interruptions between individual pulses or group of pulses

38
Q

Interpulse interval

A

The period of time between individual pulses

39
Q

Pulse Charge

A

The total amount of electricity being delivered to the patient during each pulse

40
Q

Rate of rise

A

How quickly a waveform reaches its mazimum amplitude

41
Q

Decay time

A

The time required for a wavelenght to fo from peak amplitude to 0V

42
Q

Accommodation

A

Adaptation by the sensory receptors to various stimuli over an extended period of time

43
Q

Pulsed period

A

The combined time of the pulse duration and the interpulse interval

44
Q

Modulation

A

Refers to any alteration in the magnitude or any variation in the duration of an electrical current

45
Q

Medical Galvanism

A

Creates either an acidic or alkaline environment that may be of therapeutic value

46
Q

Iontophoresis

A

Uses continuous direct current to drive ions into the tissues

47
Q

Bursts

A

A combined set of three or more pulses; also referred to as packets or envelopes

48
Q

Interburst intervals

A

Interruptions between individual bursts

49
Q

Ramping

A

Another name for surging modulation, in which the current builds gradually to some maximum amplitude

50
Q

Circuit

A

The path of current from a generating source though the various components back to the generating source.

51
Q

Series Circuit

A

A circuit in which there is only one path for current to get from one terminal to another

52
Q

Parallel Circuit

A

A circuit in which two or more routs exist for current to pass between the two terminals.

53
Q

Tetany

A

Muscle condition that is caused by hyperexcitation and results in cramps and spasms

54
Q

Tetanization

A

When individual muscle twitch responses can no longer be distinguished and the responses force maximum shortening of the stimulated muscle fiber

55
Q

Cathode

A

The negatively charged electrode

56
Q

Anode

A

The positively charged electrode

57
Q

Current Density

A

Amount of current flow per cubic area

58
Q

Action Potential

A

A recorded change in electrical potential between the inside and outside of a nerve cell, resulting in muscular contraction

59
Q

Depolarization

A

Process or act of neutralizaing the cells membrane’s resting potential

60
Q

Absolute refractary period

A

Brief period (0.5 microsec) following membrane depolarization during which the membrane is incapable of depolarizing again

61
Q

Rheobase

A

The specific intensity of current necessary to cause an observable tiddue response given a long current duration

62
Q

Chronaxie

A

The duration of time necessary to cause observable tissue excitation, given a current intensity of two times rheobasic current

63
Q

All-or-non response

A

The depolarization of nerve or muscle membrane is the same once a depolarizing intensity threshould is reached; further increases in intensity do not increase the response

64
Q

Denervated muscle

A

A muscle that doesn ot have nerve innervation

65
Q

Frequency window selectivity

A

Celluar responses may be triggered by a certain electrical frequency

Therapeutic Modalities (4 decks)

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