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Electrical Maintenance > Electrical Fundamentals > Flashcards

Electrical Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Name three requirements for producing an induced voltage

A
  1. Magnetic Field
  2. Conductor
  3. Relative motion between the two
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2
Q

A Force moving through a distance is defined as:

A

Work

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3
Q

The capacity to do work is defined as:

A

Energy

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4
Q

Terms used to indicate the amount of something

A

Base units

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5
Q

The symbol for work

A

W

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6
Q

The symbol for energy

A

W

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7
Q

The base unit for work

A

Joule (J)

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8
Q

The base unit for energy

A

Joule (J)

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9
Q

Force x Distance =

A

Work

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10
Q

The base unit for force

A

newton (approximately 0.2248 pounds)

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11
Q

The base unit for distance

A

meter (approximately 39.4 inches)

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12
Q

1 newton-meter =

A

1 joule

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13
Q

Formula for expressing efficiency (as a percentage)

A

useful energy out / useful energy in times (x) 100

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14
Q

The smallest particle of a substance that still has all of its characteristics is called a:

A

molecule

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15
Q

a molecule consists of

A

2 or more atoms

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16
Q

matter composed of a single type of atom is called

A

an element

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17
Q

when different kinds of atoms combine chemically they form

A

compounds

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18
Q

The three major particles of an atom are

A

electron, proton and neutron

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19
Q

The center of an atom is called a

A

nucleus

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20
Q

The first shell of an atom can contain a maximum of _____ electrons

A

Two

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21
Q

The second shell of an atom can contain a maximum of _____ electrons

A

Eight

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22
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third shell of an atom?

A

18

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23
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the forth shell of an atom

A

32

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24
Q

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom are called

A

valence electrons

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25
Q

Why are electrons capable of doing work?

A

All electrons possess energy. The possess energy because they have weight and they are moving

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26
Q

Valence electrons that have been temporarily separated from an atom are called

A

free electrons

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27
Q

A valence electron is freed from its atom when:

A

energy is added to the atom.

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28
Q

An atom with a positive or negative charge is called

A

an ion

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29
Q

The base unit of charge is a:

A

coulomb

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30
Q

The symbol for charge is:

A

Q

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31
Q

The abbreviation for coulomb is:

A

C

32
Q

The movement of charged particles in a specified direction is the definition for

A

Electric current

33
Q

The symbol for current is:

A

I

The symbol I was chosen because early scientists focused on the Intensity of electricity in a wire

34
Q

current that travels in the same direction all the time is called:

A

direct current (DC)

35
Q

The process of emitting electrons from a heated surface is called:

A

thermionic emission

36
Q

The base unit of current

A

ampere (coulombs per second)

37
Q

1 coulomb = (x) electrons

A

6.25 x 10 to the 18th power

38
Q

The electric pressure that causes current to flow

A

voltage

39
Q

The symbol for voltage

A

V

40
Q

energy in motion

A

kinetic energy

41
Q

energy at rest

A

potential energy

42
Q

the base unit of voltage

A

volt (joules per coulomb)

43
Q

List the 5 ways to produce voltage

A 
Mechanical energy (generator)
Chemical energy (battery)
Heat energy (thermocouple)
Pressure energy (piezoelectric crystal)
Light energy (solarvoltaic cells)
44
Q

The opposition to current flow

A

resistance

45
Q

materials that offer little resistance to current flow

A

conductors

46
Q

materials that offer high resistance to current flow

A

insulators

47
Q

the sharing of valence electrons

A

covalent bonding

48
Q

materials that have no resistance to current flow

A

superconductors

49
Q

materials that are neither good conductors nor good insulators

A

semiconductors

50
Q

the base unit of resistance

A

ohm

51
Q

what 4 factors determine the resistance of an object?

A

1) Type of material
2) The length of the material
3) The cross sectional area of the material
4) The temperature of the material

52
Q

The change in resistance corresponding to a change in temperature is known as

A

temperature coefficient of resistance

53
Q

Give the formula for the relationship of resistance to length, cross-sectional area and resistivity of a material

A

Resistance (R) = resistivity (K) X length (L) / area (A)

R = KL/A

54
Q

Materials with no free electrons are called:

A

insulators

55
Q

Semiconductors have ____ free electrons

A

four

56
Q

The characteristic resistance of a material is known as

A

resistivity

57
Q

The rate of doing work or using energy

A

power

58
Q

The base unit of power

A

watt or joule per second (J/s)

59
Q

Give the formula for the relationship between power, energy and time

A

Power (P) = energy (W) / time (t)

P = W/t

60
Q

Give the formula for efficiency as it relates to power

A

% eff. = P-out / P-in X 100

61
Q

1 horsepower = ____ watts

A

746

62
Q

a drawing that uses only symbols to show how components are connected together is called a

A

schematic diagram

63
Q

A meter that measures only one quantity is called a:

A

panel meter

64
Q

cells that are not rechargeable are called

A

primary cells

65
Q

cells that are rechargeable are called

A

secondary cells

66
Q

the capacity of a cell or battery is expressed in

A

ampere-hours (Ah)

67
Q

a lead acid cell produces about _____ volts

A

2.1

68
Q

What is the chemical composition of the positive plate in a charged battery

A

lead peroxide (PbO2)

69
Q

What is the chemical composition of the negative plate in a charged lead acid battery

A

lead (Pb)

70
Q

What is the chemical composition of the electrolyte in a charged lead acid battery

A

dilute sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

71
Q

When a lead acid battery is overcharged water from the electrolyte is converted into:

A

hydrogen gas and oxygen gas

72
Q

The ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of water is the definition for

A

specific gravity

73
Q

What is the specific gravity range for a fully charged lead acid cell?

A

1.21 to 1.28

74
Q

The typical automotive battery is fully charged at a specific gravity of

A

1.26

75
Q

A lead acid cell is considered discharged when the specific gravity drops below

A

1.12

Electrical Maintenance (11 decks)

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