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EGS Flashcards

1
Q

What architectural structures are the Olmecs known for?

A

San Lorenzo and La Venta

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2
Q

Describe Olmec society

A

Classes, including as class of skilled Artisans. Play Ball court

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3
Q

Teotihuacan

A

Capital and dominated entire region

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4
Q

Pyramid of the Sun

A

Along the main thoroughfare were temples and palaces, all dominated by the massive pyramid

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5
Q

Describe the geography of Mesoamerican and Central America

A

Central America, connects North and South America also located between Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea. Mesoamerica, extends from southern Mexico to Central America, (Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Guatemala.

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6
Q

What does the work Maya translate to?

A

Those who grow Maize

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7
Q

Which crops are native to the Valley of Mexico?

A

Maize

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8
Q

Describe the political/social structure of Maya.

A

Around Euler gathered class of aristocrats l. Nobles became priests, wealth grew, so did artisans and traders, small middle class.

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9
Q

Maya-What were women and men each responsible for?

A

Men - Fighting and Hunting
Women- Homemaking and preparation of corn meal

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10
Q

Itzamna

A

Supreme God (Lizard House)

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11
Q

Describe the religion of the Maya.

A

Polytheistic, Mayan gods shared characteristics of nearby cultures

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12
Q

Ball Court

A

Vertical walls with metal rings and rubber ball. Rules of the game are not completely understood but thought to have a religious importance.

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13
Q

What happened to the vanished players of the ball court game?

A

Sacrificed

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14
Q

Mayan writing system:

A

Based off of hieroglyphs

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15
Q

Mayan Calendar:

A

Measured time back date, required a sophisticated understand of events and math.

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16
Q

Describe the achievements of the Maya.

A

-Intense interest in the passage of time
-Mayan pyramids
-Long Count

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17
Q

Why did the Maya decline and eventually bring about its demise?

A

Overuse of land, incessant warfare, internal revolt, or a natural disaster

18
Q

Huitzilopochtli:

A

Patron God, as a guiding deity for the population.

19
Q

When/how did the Aztecs arrive in the Valley of Mexico?

A

Carrying an image of their patron deity, Huitzilopochtli, began the lengthy migration that climaxed at the arrival to it.

20
Q

How did the Aztecs gain control of the area?

A

From Atlantic to pacific and as far Guatemalan border.

21
Q

Describe the politics of the Aztecs. How did the ruler claim legitimacy?

A

Served as intermediary btwn metaphysical and physical worlds

22
Q

Which govt official position was the most important and why?

A

Tax collectors, collected tribute

23
Q

Describe the social structure of the Aztecs.

A
  • Most indentured workers: landless laborers
  • Slaved: Served in house holds of wealthy
  • Slavery not inherited
24
Q

Calpullis:

A

Vast majority of population consisted commoners members of the IRG kinship groups called Calpullis.

25
Q

Gender Roles in Aztecs:

A
  • Men: Children trained for war and expected to serve in the army once reaching adulthood
  • Women: Expected to work in the home, weave textiles
26
Q

Quetzalcoatl:

A

Feathered Serpent

27
Q

Describe Aztec cosmology:

A

Based on belief in the existence of two worlds, natural and the divine.

28
Q

Huitzilopochtli

A

Sun God would appease to delay the end

29
Q

Describe Aztec art and culture:

A

had religious significance colored in bright colors

30
Q

Where were the Inka located?

A

S Peru

31
Q

Pachakuti:

A

Cuzco was transformed from a city of mud and thatch into a metropolis of stone

32
Q

Cuzco:

A

Capital of a small community

33
Q

Machu Picchu:

A

Impressive ruins, built on a lofty hilltop far above the Urubamba River

34
Q

Describe the Inka politic and social structures:

A

Women: Only escape of life of domestic
Servitude: Fortunate maidens were selected to serve as “chosen virgins”
Noblewomen: Eligible to compete for service

35
Q

Describe the road system developed by the Inka.

A

Roads restricted to military and official purposes

36
Q

How was marriage occur in the Inkas? How could women escape domestic servitude?

A

By becoming a noblewomen, punishment for breaking the vow of Chasity was harsh

37
Q

How was the Inka state built upon? Who served in the military?

A

Inka state was built upon war. Soldiers that were men army was Irgst and best army in the region

38
Q

Describe the Inkan religion.

A

Polytheistic

39
Q

Pachamama:

A

“Mother of the earth” common to all regions in the Andes

40
Q

How did the Inka keep records?

A

Using a system of knotted strings “quipu”

41
Q

Describe the architectural/cultural achievements of the Inka.

A

Ability to construct building with irg stones without mortar stows skill in architecture highly dev. Poetry composed of blank verse.

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