ecosystems Flashcards
What are the classes of organisms in ecosystems?
producers
decomposes
consumers
what is Nutrient Cycling
through decomposition nutrients are released into the soil
these nutrients are then taken up by plants which may go on to be eaten by consumers
when plants or consumers die the nutrients are returned back into the soil
_________ Shows what eats what within a biological community.
_________ Shows how several food chains overlap with each other.
Food chain Shows what eats what within a biological community.
Food web Shows how several food chains overlap with each other.
if one part of an ecosystem changes, this is likely to have an effect on other parts this is called a _________ _________
ecosystem cascade.
________ ecosystems are found at high latitudes in northern Europe and Canada, and Alaska.
tundra
What are the major global ecosystems?
- temperate deciduous forest
- tropical rainforest
- tundra
-grassland - desert
- polar
where are temperate forests usually found
Usually found in the mid-latitudes, where there are 4 seasons.
What do you call the passage of energy from producers to consumers?
a food chain
what is and example of a producer,consumer and decomposer in a fresh water pond
producer: algae
consumer: stickleback fish
decomposer: rat tailed maggot
what is the average temperature and rain fall of a tropical rainforest
21 - 30 degrees
2,000 mm of rainfall per year
what are epiphytes
they are plants the grow on other plants
what does Interdependence mean in a ecosystem
hat all the different parts of an ecosystem depend on one another.
What conditions do plants have to be adapted to in tropical rainforests?
High amounts of rainfall
High temperatures
Intense competition for light
how to butresses roots help trees survive in rainforests
- spread out and wide roots that go deep into the soil - allows the root to absorb more nutrients
how are leaves adapted for rain forests conditions
drip tips: to allow heavy rain to drip off the leaf
waxy leaves: helps the plants resist the rain - the leaves would be pulled off the plant without these
how doe the bark on trees make them adapted for tropical rain forests condations
the bark is smooth to allow rainwater to run down
what are climbing vines
climbing vines grow on other tree trunks which conserves energy and allows then to get the energy they need.
What are animals in tropical rain-forests adapted to do?
find food and escape predators
how are howler and tamrian monkeys adapted to live in tropical rainforests
- live in the trees avoiding predators on the forest floor
- strong limbs and tails
how are flying squirrels adapted to live in tropical rainforests
they have evolved wings to glide between trees
how are sloths adapted to live in tropical rainforests
they are nocternal preserve enegry in day and move and hunt when temperatures are low at night
What percentage of the world’s animal, plant and insect species can be found in tropical rainforests?
50%
what is deforestation
the remove of trees from a forest
What are the reasons for deforestation?
growing population
mineral extraction
farming + agriculture - palm oil
logging + timber
construction of power and energy source
what is mineral extraction in rainforests
where large amount rain forest has been cleared for ,mining and road construction
what is logging
all trees chopped down in an areas
( for loggers to get there even more trees have to be chopped down to create roads)
in Malaysia __ percent of is covered by rain forest
67
how has population pressure affected rain forests in maylasia
poor urban people where encouraged to move to the country side and rainforests were felled (cut down) for the settlers
