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Ecosystem Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Abiotic

A

A non living organisms.

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2
Q

Biotic

A

A living organism. Has cells

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3
Q

Niche

A

A position or role a species has in a specific environment.

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4
Q

Predator

A

An animals who hunts his prey

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5
Q

Prey

A

An animal who is hunted

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6
Q

Parasite

A

an organism which lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other’s expense.

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7
Q

Mutualism

A

Two organisms who benefit from each other

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8
Q

Commensalism

A

1 organism benefits, the other organism doesn’t care

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9
Q

Host

A

An organism which has parasites

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10
Q

Symbiosis

A

The relationship between two animals

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11
Q

Mutualism

A

Both animals benefit from the relationship. E.g. bird eats from cow’s tick from its back and gets itself some food.

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12
Q

Parasitism

A

One animal benefits but the other animal is effected badly. E.g. A tick on a cow’s back

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13
Q

Commensalism

A

One animal benefits from the relationship and the other one doesn’t care. E.g. a tree and a possum because the possum gets a home and the tree doesn’t care

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14
Q

Detrivour

A

Brings thing up into small pieces. E.g. earthworm

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15
Q

Decomposer

A

Chemical breakdown E.g. fungi and bacteria

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16
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

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17
Q

Food chain

A

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

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18
Q

Food web

A

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

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19
Q

Trophic level

A

a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

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20
Q

First order, primary consumer

A

organism that is within the second trophic level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer

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21
Q

Secondary order, secondary consumer

A

the second consumer in a food chain; also known as a second-order consumer

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22
Q

Energy pyramid

A

a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

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23
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain

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24
Q

Pyramid of biomass

A

a representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

25
Q

Birth rate

A

the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time

26
Q

Death rate

A

the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time

27
Q

Emigration

A

Leaving an ecosystem

28
Q

Immigration

A

Joining an ecosystem

29
Q

Exponential growth

A

a rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph

30
Q

Sigmoid

A

the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau

31
Q

Steady state

A

See equilibrium

32
Q

Plateau phase

A

See equilibrium

33
Q

Equilibrium

A

a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase

34
Q

Zero population growth

A

The population hasn’t grown

35
Q

Carrying capacity

A

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

36
Q

Autotrophs and producer

A

organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms

37
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

38
Q

Fat

A

an organic substance that is solid at room temperature and is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

39
Q

Metabolism

A

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

40
Q

Cellular respiration

A

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

41
Q 
mitochondrion.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
A

a form of energy released during cellular respiration that provides cells with the energy needed to perform their functions

42
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

the chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.

43
Q

Glycolysis

A

process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released

44
Q

Cytosol

A

the fluid found inside cells

45
Q

Krebs cycle

A

part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced

46
Q

Electron transport chain reaction

A

part of the aerobic respiration process

47
Q

Mitochondria

A

small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.

48
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

the chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.

49
Q

Lactic acid

A

an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate

50
Q

Ethanol

A

an end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol

51
Q

Eutrophication

A

a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms

52
Q

Insecticide

A

a chemical used to kill insects

53
Q

Fungicides

A

a chemical used to kill fungal growth

54
Q

Herbicides

A

a chemical used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)

55
Q

Fumigants

A

a chemical used in the form of smoke or fumes, to kill pests

56
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

magnification of concentrations of a substance such as a nonbiodegradable pesticide along the food chain; also known as biological magnification

57
Q

Introduced species

A

an organism that has been released into an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally

58
Q

Transpiration

A

Movement of water through a plant

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