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AP Biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hierarctical Organization (organism–> biosphere)

A

Organism

Population: multiple organism of the same
species that interact in space and time

Community: different species that interact in the same space and time

Ecosystem: a specified physical space and the communities it contains

Biome: a specified physical space defined by climate and vegetation or physical characteristics and made of multiple smaller ecosystems

Biosphere: The regions of Earth occupied by living organisms; the worldwide sum of ecosystems

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2
Q

Parts of the Biosphere (3)

A

Hydrosphere: water on surface, in ground, and in air where organisms live

Lithosphere: crust surface where organisms live

Atmosphere: air above the crust where organisms live

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3
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the interactions of organisms with the living and non-living components of their environment

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4
Q

Biotic

A

All living or once living organisms

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5
Q

Abiotic

A

All non-living components

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6
Q

Principles of Ecology: 1

A
  1. The earth’s major ecological units are called ecosystems
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7
Q

Habitat

A

the specific place where an organism makes its home (environment–>organism)

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8
Q

Niche

A

the place or position of organism in habitat; the way a species interacts with its environment; and organisms ‘job’ relating to its use of resources (organism–> environment)

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9
Q

Principles of Ecology: 2

A
  1. The functional units of ecosystems are populations, each occupying a particular niche within its ecosystem
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10
Q

Principles of Ecology: 3

A
  1. Space, matter, and energy are all limited in every ecosystem
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11
Q

Principles of Ecology: 4

A
  1. Changes and fluctuations in the environment can result in the extinction of populations and species
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12
Q

Principles of Ecology: 5

A
  1. Ecosystems have historical aspects called legacy effects
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13
Q

What is the Hydrologic cycle and what are the 4 processes?

A

The Hydrologic cycle is the movement of water in an environment.

The 4 processes include: Precipitation, Infiltration, Flow, and Evaporation.

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14
Q

What drives the Hydrologic cycle?

A

Solar energy

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15
Q

Water Table

A

The upper surface of the soil saturation zone

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16
Q

What is the Nitrogen Cycle and what are the 4 processes?

A

The Nitrogen cycle is the cycle of nitrogen in the environment.

The 4 processes are:

Nitrogen-fixation: Nitrogen–> Ammonia

Nitrification: Ammonia–> Nitrite or Nitrate

Assimilation: Nitrites or Nitrates–> organic molecules in organisms

Denitrification: Nitrates–> Nitrogen

17
Q

What are the Eight pools in the Carbon cycle?

A

Atmosphere, Vegetation, Animal, Industry & Vehicle, Ocean, Litter & Waste, Fossil Feuls, and Bacteria & Fungi.

18
Q

Photosynthesis (c)

A

Atmosphere (CO2) –> Organism (C6H12O6)

19
Q

Aerobic Respiration (C)

A

Organism (C6H12O6) –> Atmosphere (CO2)

20
Q

Nitrogen Fixation (N)

A

Atmosphere (N2) –> Soil/Lithosphere (NH4+ /ammonia)

21
Q

Denitrification (N)

A

Lithosphere (NO3-/Nitrate) –> Atmosphere (N2)

22
Q

Nitrogen Assimilation (N)

A

Lithosphere (NO3-/ Nitrate or NO2-/Nitrite) –> Living plants (Organic molecules)

23
Q

Evaporation (H)

A

Surface, Plants, and soil (H2O) –> Atmosphere (H2O)

24
Q

Nitrification (N)

A

Lithosphere (NH4+/ammonia) –> Lithosphere (NO3-/Nitrate or NO2-/ Nitrite)

25
Q

Infiltration (H)

A

Surface or Lithosphere (H2O)–> Underground (H2O)

26
Q

Precipitation (H)

A

Atmosphere (H2O)–> Soil, Surface, or Underground (H2O)

27
Q

Water Flow (H)

A

Surface or Underground (H2O) –> Surface or Underground (H2O)

28
Q

Carbonation (C)

A

Atmosphere (CO2) –> Water (Carbonate)

29
Q

Decarboxylation (C)

A

Water (Carbonate) –> Atmosphere (CO2)

30
Q

Combustion (C)

A

Organic Matter (Organic Molecule) –> Atmosphere (CO2)

31
Q

NPP

A

Net primary Productivity:
The production of organic molecules from the assimilation of CO2 and H2O ( usually photosynthesis)

Photosynthesis productivity- Cellular Respiration

32
Q

How much energy is transferred between trophic levels? Where does the remaining energy go?

A

10% of the energy is transferred between trophic levels. The remaining 90% is released as thermal energy into the environment. This is known as ecological efficiency.

33
Q

1st law of Thermodynamics

A

Matter and energy are transferred and transformed, not created or destroyed

34
Q

2nd law of Thermodynamics

A

Each transference or transformation results in some loss of energy as thermal energy

35
Q

Food Chain v.s Food Web

A

Food chain illustrates one path of energy flow whereas a food web illustrates many paths for energy to flow.

36
Q

Legacy Effects

A

events in the past influence the pattern of species and processes observed in the present because they affect the pattern of resource distribution and environment structure

AP Biology (17 decks)

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