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NPTE > EBP > Flashcards

EBP Flashcards

1
Q

definition

study where data is collected on an individual or groups of individuals at a single point in time

A

cross sectional research

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2
Q

definition

individuals or groups of individuals are enrolled in the study at a particular time or after the occurrence of a target event and historical data is collected; proceeds backward in time and data is collected from a POV or review of records

A

retrospective research

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3
Q

definition

differentiate changes in an individual(s) over time

ex: disease progression

A

longitudinal study

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4
Q

What is the range of correlation coefficients?

A

-1 to 1+

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5
Q

definition

the statistic of interest while finding the presence and magnitude of a relationship between variables

A

correlation coefficient

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6
Q

What does a correlation coefficient mean if it is 0?

A

not related

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7
Q

What does a correlation coefficient mean if it is >0?

A

positively correlated

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8
Q

What does a correlation coefficient mean if it is <0?

A

inversely related

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9
Q

(true/false) The closer the correlation coefficient is to -1 or +1, the stronger the association is between the variables

A

true

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10
Q

definition

involving 2 phases: pre-treatment/baseline phase followed by an intervention/treatment phase

A

A-B design

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11
Q

definition

3 phases: baseline phase; treatment phase; another baseline phase

A

A-B-A design

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12
Q

definition

design that refers to the number od independent variables utilized

A

factorial design

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13
Q

definition

states that no relationship exists between variables- any relationship found is the result of change or sampling error

A

null hypothesis

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14
Q

definition

sample where individuals are selected from a population of identified subgroups based on a predetermined characteristic.

A

stratified sample

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15
Q

definition

the degree to which the observed differences on the dependent variable are the direct result of manipulation of the independent variable and not another variable

A

internal validity

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16
Q

definition

the degree to which the results are generalizable to the general population or environmental settings outside of the experimental study

A

external validity

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17
Q

definition

the degree to which an instrument measures an intended content area

A

content validity

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18
Q

definition

the degree to which the scores on one test are related to the scores on another criterion test with both tests being given at relatively similar times

usually involves comparison to the gold standard

A

concurrent validity

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19
Q

definition

the degree to which a test is able to predict future performance

A

predictive validity

20
Q

definition

the degree to which a test measures an intended hypothetical abstract concept

A

construct validity

21
Q

definition

The subject’s knowledge in an experiment influences the results of a study

threat to validity

A

Hawthorne effect

22
Q

definition

the degree of agreement when a test is split in half and the reliability of the first half is compared to the second half

a measure of internal consistency of a measurement

A

split-half reliability

23
Q

What is specificity?

A

Ability to correctly identify the proportion of individuals who do not have a disease or condition

A true negative

24
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

ability to correctly identify the proportion of individuals who truly have a diseae or condition

a true positive

25
Q

Sensitivity and specificity values close to ___ are ideal.

A

1

26
Q

definition

test that helps rule out a condition when the test is negative and the condition is not present

A

sensitive test

SnNOut

27
Q

definition

test that helps rule-in a condition when the test is positive and the condition is present.

A

specific test

SpPIn

28
Q

definition

smallest amount of change in a measurement that exceeds the measurement error of the instrument; reflects a true change in status

A

MDC

minimal detectable change

29
Q

definition

smallest difference in a measured variable that signifies a clinically important change in status

A

MCID

minimally important clinical difference

30
Q

definition

derermination of difference of scores from the mean

A

standard deviation

normal distribution is bell curve

31
Q

definition

when the null hypothesisis rejected by the researcher but is actually true

A

type I error

32
Q

definition

null hypothesis is not rejected by the researcher but it is actually false

A

type ii error

33
Q

definition

used to correlate continuous data with underlying normal distribution on interval or ratio scales

ex: relationship between proximal and distal development of an infant

A

pearson product movement coefficient

r

34
Q

definition

non-parametric test used to correlate ordinal data

ex: relationship between verbal and comprehension reading scores

A

spearman’s rho

35
Q

definition

correlational test where one variable is nominal and the other is a ratio or interval

ex: relationship between elbow flexor spasticity and the side of the stroke

A

point biserial correlation

36
Q

definition

correlational test where one variable is nominal and the other is ordinal

ex: the relationship between gender and functional abbility

A

rank biserial correlation

37
Q

definition

correlational test where one both variables are nominal

ex: relationship between sex and eye color

A

phi coefficient

38
Q

definition

a representation of the degree that variation in one variable is attributable to another variable

A

coefficient of determination

39
Q

definition

a reliability coefficieny based on an analysis of variance

A

intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)

Positive correlation scores from 0-1:
- good reliability: >.75
- moderate reliability: 0.5-0.75
- poor reliaility: <0.5

40
Q

definition

parametric test of significance used to compare 2 independent groups created by random assignment and identify a difference at a selected probability level

A

T-test

41
Q

What is a one-tailed T-test based on?

A

directional hypothesis; evaluates the differences in data on only one end of a distribution

42
Q

What is a two-tailed t-test based on?

A

non-directional hypothesis; evaluates differences in data on both ends of a distribution

43
Q

definition

parametric test that is used to compare 3+ independent treatment groups/conditions at a selected probability level

A

ANOVA

analysis of variance

simple ANOVA: compares multiple groups on a single independent variable

factorial ANOVA: compares multiple groups on 2+ independent variables

44
Q

definition

parametric test used to compare 2+ treatment groups/conditions while also controlling the effects of intervening variables (covariates)

ex: comparing 2 groups of subjects and how their gait pattern presents with use of 2 different ADs —- covariate: height

A

analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)

45
Q

definition

non-parametric test of significance used to compare data in the form of frequency counts occurring in 2+ mutually exclusive categories

ex: subjects asked to rate treatment preferences

A

chi-square test

46
Q

definition

a systematic review that is free of variations in the directions and degree of results between individual studies

A

homogeneity

47
Q

definition

a systematic review with variations

A

heterogenity

NPTE (22 decks)

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