Ear and Oral surgery Flashcards
Name 4 clinical signs of Horner’s Syndrome.
Miosis (excessive constriction of pupil)
Enopthalmus (posterior displacement of the eyeball in the orbit due to changes in the eye’s volume)
Third eyelid prolapse
Ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid)
What advice would you give to an owner of a bulldog, regarding risks that this dog is predisposed to?
Sadly, this breed is born with Upper Airway Disease which is where the upper airway is obstructed. This is due to a number of abnormalities seen in squishy nosed dogs. The soft tissues of the head have not reduced proportionately to the decrease in size of the nose, resulting in the soft palate obstructing the epiglottis (windpipe), stenotic nares, everted tonsils, nasopharangeal tonsils. All these malformations result in difficulty inhaling and a reduction in air intake.
More and more negative pressure is exerted to breath, intratracheal and intrapharangeal pressures can become high enough to cause surrounding tissues to collapse, further reducing the ability to breath.
Due to their squished in nose of this breed it predisoposes them to a number of breathing difficulties. We can help with them, however we can not treat the underlying disease.
Brachycephalic Airway Disease. There soft palate blocks part of their opening to their windpipe (larynx and pharynx), making it difficult to get enough air into their lungs. This is what makes the snoring nose. They also have smaller nostrils and tracheal hypoplasia is comon.
Progressive disease. These aspects put pressure on the trachea making it difficult
Hernias
Brachycephalic Airway Disease
Laryngeal Collapse
