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Nerve Year 2 > DSA 1-3 > Flashcards

DSA 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

For the patellar reflex list the

  1. Afferent Limb
  2. Nerve root/Spinal cord segment
  3. Efferent Limb
  4. Effector Organ
A
  1. Femoral Nerve
  2. L4
  3. Femoral Nerve
  4. Quadricep m.
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2
Q

For the Bicep reflex list the

  1. Afferent Limb
  2. Nerve root/Spinal cord segment
  3. Efferent Limb
A

.

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3
Q

For the Tricep reflex list the

  1. Afferent Limb
  2. Nerve root/Spinal cord segment
  3. Efferent Limb
A

.

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4
Q

For the Achilles reflex list the

  1. Afferent Limb
  2. Nerve root/Spinal cord segment
  3. Efferent Limb
A

.

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5
Q

As infants mature what spinal tract typically inhibits the pathological reflexes (babinski, hoffmann etc)?

A

Corticospinal tract

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6
Q

List the 3 reflexes that result in dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of the remaining toes in response to stimulus

A
  1. Babinski
  2. Chaddock
  3. Oppenheim
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7
Q

Hoffmann and Tromner reflexes are also know as ______ and seen where?

A
  1. aka Finger Flexor Signs

2. seen in the Hand

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8
Q

Fasciculations that are seen in abundance in a weak limb, are usually a sign of what?

A

a lower motor neuron disorder

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9
Q

Lesions affecting any component of the corticospinal tract are referred to as…..

A

Upper Motor Neuron Lesions

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10
Q

Corticospinal tract lesions ABOVE the pyramids of the medulla result in weakness on what side?

A

the contralateral side

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11
Q

Corticospinal tract lesions BELOW the pyramids of the medulla result in weakness on what side?

A

Ipsilateral side

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12
Q

Where does the initiation of movement arise (in the brain)

A

Brodmann’s Area 6

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13
Q

Where do motor fibers originate from (in the brain)

A

precentral gyrus from Brodmann’s Area 4

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14
Q

The precentral gyrus is located in the

A

posterior portion of the frontal lobe bilat

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15
Q

The postcentral gyrus is located in the

A

anterior portion of the parietal lobes bilat

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16
Q

Name the 2 cranial nerve tracts that are part of the central nervous system

A

olfactory tracts and optic nerves

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17
Q

What cranial nerves originate in the midbrain?

A

3 and 4

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18
Q

What cranial nerves originate in the pons?

A

5, 6, 7, and 8

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19
Q

What cranial nerves originate in the medulla oblongata?

A

9-12

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20
Q

Cranial nerve 3 innervates all of the extraocular muscles except…..

A

lateral rectus and superior oblique

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21
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the pupillary constrictor muscles?

A

CN 3

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22
Q

What cranial nerve innervates the superior oblique extraocular muscle?

A

CN 4

23
Q

What CN innervates the masseter and temporalis m.

A

CN 5

24
Q

What CN are purely motor

A

4, 6, 11, 12

25
Q

What CN innervates the lateral rectus extraocular m.

A

CN 6

26
Q

What CN are considered mixed?

A

3, 5, 7, 9, 10

27
Q

What CN innervates the salivary glands and taste buds on the ANTERIOR portion of the tongue?

A

CN 7

28
Q

What CN are considered Special Sensory nerves?

A

1, 2, 8

29
Q

What CN have PNS activity?

A

3 and 10

30
Q

What CN inntervates the extensor muscles of the tongue?

A

CN 12

31
Q

What CN is responsible for smell?

A

CN 1

32
Q

Where is the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus located and what does it do?

A

Located in the brain stem and it connects the oculomotor nuclei and the abducens nuclei (also receives input from CN 8 and proprioceptors in the neck)

33
Q

What structure is involves in horizontal eye movements and is a key in “Doll’s eye” and caloric reflexes?

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

34
Q

What CN reflexes are performed on pt with impaired consciousness

A

corneal reflexes, dolls eyes, and ice water calorics

35
Q

All nervous system reflexes share what 6 components?

A
  1. stimulus
  2. receptor organ
  3. afferent limb
  4. central synapse
  5. efferent limb
  6. effector organ
36
Q

What is the afferent pathway in the pupillary light reflex?

A

CN 2

37
Q

What is the Central Synapse of the Pupillary Light Reflex?

A

Nucleus of edinger-Westphal in the midbrain

38
Q

What are the 6 components of the Pupillary Light Reflex?

A
  1. Stimulus- light
  2. Receptor Organ - rods of retina
  3. Afferent pathway- CN 2
  4. Central Synapse- Edinger Westphal nucleus
  5. Efferent pathway- CN 3
  6. Effector Organ- Pupillary constrictor muscle of iris
39
Q

What are the 6 components of the Corneal Reflex?

A
  1. Stimulus- touch the cornea with a wisp of cotton or tissue
  2. Receptor- sensory nerve endings in the cornea
  3. Afferent limb- CN V
  4. Central Synapse- Pons
  5. Effector limb- CN VII
  6. Effector Organ- orbicularis oculi muscles
40
Q

Difficulties with speech and gait functions are associated with what part of the cerebellum?

A

vermis of the cerebellum

41
Q

Disturbances in equilibrium are associated with what part of the cerebellum?

A

floculonodular lobe

42
Q

ataxia of the upper limbs are associated with what part of the cerebellum?

A

hemispheres

43
Q

Where do nerve fibers in the spinothalamic tract cross?

A

at the level of the spinal cord

44
Q

Where do the nerve fibers in the posterior column cross?

A

the medial lemniscus in the lower brainstem

45
Q

The dorsal columns in the spinal cord contain what parts?

A

fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus

46
Q

spinothalamic tract carries what information

A

pain and temperature, crude touch

47
Q

the dorsal column tracts carry what information

A

proprioception, vibration and fine touch

48
Q

If there is motor and sensory disturbance below a certain level of the trunk and if cranial nerves are intact, then the lesion is mos likely where?

A

at the level of the spinal cord

49
Q

If there is disturbance of postural tone, or rigidity and tremor where is the most likely site for a lesion?

A

basal ganglia

50
Q

what non-invasive diagnostic test is usually performed in pt suspected of cerebral vascular dz?

A

carotid US

51
Q

be able to describe where CSF originates, what is its purpose, how does it circulate, exit the ventricles and become absorbed.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the choroid plexus of the ventricles. It exits the ventricles via the foramen of Luschka and Magendie to circulate throughout the subarachnoid space to ultimately be absorbed by the arachnoid granulations of the venous sinuses

52
Q

describe the difference between “Communicating” Hydrocephalus aka Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) and “Non-Communicating” Hydrocephalus (Obstructive Hydrocephalus).

A

.

53
Q

What is the nl cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure?

A

less than 20 cm of H2O

Nerve Year 2 (2 decks)

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