DNA/Chromosomes/Genomes 2

Question 1

What are examples of Epigentics with regard to chromatin structure regulation?

Answer 1

DNA methylation

Chromatin structure

Hitsone modification

Question 2

Histones are highly conserved, therefore, can they withstand changes?

Answer 2

No they can’t

Changes are deleterious

H4 is very similar

Question 3

Where is heterochromatin the most condensed?

Answer 3

centromeres and telomeres

Question 4

What happens to gene activity if relocated next to a section of heterochromatin?

Answer 4

Position effect variegation.

Position on chromosome active gene can be silenced if move too section of heterochromatin.

Question 5

Explain Histone modifications?

Answer 5

Loosening of chromatin structure= Acetylation of lysine by histone acetyl transfereas (HAT)

Removal by deacetylase complexes
(DHAT)

Mono, di, tri-methylation of lysine so
Added by methyl transfereas or removed by demethlylase

Phosphorylation of serines

Question 6

Explain the code reader complex?

Answer 6

Protein complex that involves joint recognition of histone tails and other covalent modifications.

Question 7

What is the kinetochore?

Answer 7

Structure required for attachment of mitotic spindle.

Question 8

What process occurs during Interpase?

Answer 8

Two daughter DNA molecules are replicated and separately folded to form sister chromatids

Held together by centromeres

Question 9

What are condensins ?

Answer 9

Proteins that use ATP hydrolysis to coil DNA into chromatids.

Major structural component of core of every metaphase chromosome.

Question 10

List the large scale rearrangements?

Answer 10

Duplications
Deletions
Inversions
Translocations

Question 11

What is Epigentics?

Answer 11

A form of inheritance superimposed on genetic inheritance based on DNA.