DNA/ cell functions Flashcards
what makes up DNA
nucleotides bases and sugar-phosphate backbone
What is the shape and structure of DNA
double helix meaning it has two strands and it coils
what are nucleotides also known as
bases
what are the 4 nucleotides and which of them pair up
Adenine and Thymine pair together. Cytosine and Guanine pair together
What are the ‘building blocks’ of proteins/ what are proteins made up of
amino acids
How many nucleotides/ bases code for 1 ‘building block’
3
What is a short chain of these ‘building blocks’ called
peptide
What is a long chain of ‘building blocks’ called
polypeptide
what are genes
genes are short sections of DNA that contain these triplet codes which code for a particular characteristic or cell activity
where are genes stored
DNA
what is cell division for
It is for growth and repair of body tissues and for sexual reproduction
what is mitosis
Cell division of cells (that are not gamete - sperm and egg cells)
Produces 2 exact genetic copies of the cell (2 daughter cells)
Cell contents doubles then, cell divides into 2
Each daughter cell is a diploid (has 2 complete sets of chromosomes)
what is meiosis
Cells division of gametes (sperm and egg cells)
Produces cells which have 1 set of chromosomes each
Produces 4 daughter cells
Each daughter cell is a haploid (has 1 set of chromosomes)
what is the function of the cell membrane
Controls what molecules enter/ exits the cell
Allows cells to recognise other cells
Allows cells to send signals to other cells
what is the function of integral protein
transports molecules in and out of the cell that can’t get through by themself
