DNA And Inheritance

Question 1

DNA structure

Answer 1

Chemical found in nucleus and is a polymer made up of 2 strands joined together. Arranged into long coiled molecules called chromosomes.

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

Long coiled molecules composed of DNA and protein molecules and they carry genetic information

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

Genetic information which decides what the offspring will look like.

Question 4

Genome

Answer 4

Entire genetic material of an organism i.e. all of the chromosomes and a small amount of DNA found in the mitochondria.

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

They are forms of the genes. They can be either dominant or recessive.

Question 6

Dominant allele

Answer 6

They are always expressed if they are present.

Question 7

Recessive allele

Answer 7

They are only expressed if there are two of them present.

Question 8

Homozygous allele

Answer 8

If an individual has two alleles the same.

Question 9

Heterozygous alleles

Answer 9

If an individual has two different alleles.

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

Physical expression of the alleles such as hair colour

Question 11

Genotype

Answer 11

The alleles the individual has

Question 12

Genetic screening

Answer 12

When you undergo tests to discover if a person, embryo or foetus has a genetic disorder or is carrying a faulty allele.