1
Q
What us meant by the term hard substrate?
A
any solid substrate. E.g. rock wood, hard surface of another organism
2
Q
What is meant by the term sedimentary substrate?
A
mix of organic and inorganic particles and pore water- particles can be displaced e.g. sand, gravel, mud
3
Q
What types of invertebrates typically dominate hard substrates?
A
- main macro-organisms are invertebrates
-mainly sessile, epifauna, suspension feeders and often colonial
-competition and disturbance are important in shaping the community
4
Q
What types of invertebrates typically dominate sedimentry substrates?
A
-mainly unitary
-mainly mobile
-mainly infauna (live below the water surface interface)
-deposit and suspension feeders
Marine BIO Exam
flashcards
Decks in class (22)
# Cards
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Identify THREE major strategies used by sponges to reduce the impact or incidence of predation upon them. Briefly explain the basis of each of these strategies.3
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What is Latimeria? What is the known geographic distribution and habitat of Latimeria? Latimeria is often referred to as a ‘living fossil’ – explain why using specific details.3
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. Name FIVE fundamental body shapes found in bony fishes. Provide a specific example of a bony fish with each of these body shapes. Indicate the type(s) of lifestyle that is generally said to be associated with each of these body shapes.1
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True sea snakes (Family Hydrophiidae) have a range of characteristics that facilitate dives of long duration. Identify FOUR such characteristics. Briefly explain the significance of each of these four characteristics.4
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Discuss FOUR distinctly different methods of prey capture used by seabirds. Include specific examples of seabirds that used each method.4
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What is a seabird? Name ONE of the major taxa (orders) of seabird and describe the main characteristics and range of types of the seabirds within the named taxon.4
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Outline the taxonomic range of marine mammals1
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Marine mammals have evolved a range of characteristics that help them retain heat in cold water. State FOUR such characteristics. Briefly explain the significance of each of these four characteristics.4
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Countershading and Bioluminscense4
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What is a mangrove? Identify, with precise details, FOUR environmental factors that determine the distribution of mangroves.2
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Identify FOUR ‘adaptations’ of seagrasses to subtidal environments. Briefly explain the significance of each of these ‘adaptations’.5
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What is nekton? Indicate the major taxonomic groups, and the stages of their life-history, that are commonly represented in marine nekton. Outline the trophic roles of marine nekton.4
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Phytoplankton are often small in size and irregular in shape. (i) Define the term ‘phytoplankton’. (ii) Identify and briefly explain TWO advantages that phytoplankton obtain by being small in size and irregular in shape.3
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Outline the life cycle of the Western Rock Lobster, Panulirus cygnus AND critically evaluate the claim that the Western Rock Lobster is a benthic organism.2
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What is a fish? What are the major groups (classes and subclasses) of fishes with living, marine representatives?2
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What are coccolithophores? What are their characteristic features? Where in marine environments do they usually occur? What is their main ecological significance?4
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What is a virus? Outline the diversity, abundance and ecological significance of marine viruses3
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What are the Rhodophyta, what are their characteristic features and where do they occur in the marine environment?2
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Distinguish between holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic organisms. Provide the formal scientific and common names of THREE holoplanktonic species and of THREE meroplanktonic species.3
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What is plankton? Indicate the major taxonomic groups that are commonly represented in marine plankton. Outline the trophic roles of marine plankton.3
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.Outline the role that Antarctic Krill (Euphasia superba) plays in Antarctic food webs. Explain TWO special features of Antarctic Krill that allow this species to play a vital role in these food webs.0
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Distinguish between hard and sedimentary substrates (in the context of benthic, marine environments). What types of invertebrates typically dominate hard substrates? What types of invertebrates typically dominate in sedimentary substrates?4
