Disparities in wealth and development

Question 0

Gross Domestic Product(GDP)

Answer 0

Total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year.

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

Use of resources to improve the quality of life in a country

Question 2

Gross National Income(GNI)

Answer 2

Total value of goods and services produced within a country, together with its income received from other countries, less similar payments made to other countries.

Question 3

Gross National Income per capita

Answer 3

The GNI of a country divided by its total population.

Question 4

GNI at purchsing power parity(PPP)

Answer 4

The GNI of a country is converted into US dollars on the basis of how the value of the currency compares with that of other countries.

Question 5

Development gap

Answer 5

Difference in income and the quality of life in general between the richest and poorest countries in the world.

Question 6

Human Development Index(HDI)

Answer 6

Measure of development which combines three important aspects of human well-being: life expectancy, education and income.

Question 7

Least developed countries(LDCs)

Answer 7

Poorest and weakest economies in the developing world.

Question 8

UNCTAD

Answer 8

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Question 9

Newly industralised countries(NICs)

Answer 9

Countries that have undergone rapid and successful industralisation since the 1960s.

Question 10

Education

Answer 10

Gradual process of aquiring knowledge, understanding and skills.

Question 11

Adult literacy rate

Answer 11

Percentage of the adult population with basic reading and writing skills.

Question 12

Sustainable development

Answer 12

Development that seeks to meet the needs of the present with concerns about the needs of future generations.

Question 13

Malnutrition

Answer 13

Condition that develops when body does not get enough nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function.

Question 14

Marginalisation

Answer 14

Process of being pushed to the edge of economic activity, of being largely left out of positive economic trends.

Question 15

Gini coefficient

Answer 15

Statistical technique used to show the extent of income inequality in a country. Values between 0 and 1, low value more equal income distribution, high - more unequal.

Question 16

Cumulative causation

Answer 16

Process whereby a significant increase in economic growth can lead to even more growth as more money circulates in the economy.

Question 17

Economic core region

Answer 17

The most highly developed region in a country with advanced systems of infrastructure and high levels of investment resulting in high average income.

Question 18

Periphery

Answer 18

Parts of a country outside the economic core region. Level of economic development in the periphery is significantly below that of the core.

Question 19

Slum

Answer 19

Heavily populated urban area characterised by substandard(poniżej standardu) housing and squalor(nędza).

Question 20

Urbanisation of poverty

Answer 20

Gradual shift of global poverty from rural to urban areas with increasing urbanisation.

Question 21

Privatisation

Answer 21

The sale of state owned assets to the private sector.

Question 22

Modernisation theory

Answer 22

Deterministic approach based on the economic history of a number of developed countries. Distinct economic and social changes are required for a country to move from one stage to another.

Question 23

Dependency theory

Answer 23

Blames the relative underdevelopment of the developing world on exploitation by the developed world, first through colonialism and then by the various elements of neo-colonialism.

Question 24

World system theory

Answer 24

Based on the history of the capitalist world economy. Countries fall into 3 economic levels and can move from one level to another if their contribution to the world economy changes.

Question 25

Life expectancy at birth

Answer 25

Average number of years that a newborn baby is expected to live if the age-specific mortality rates effective at the year of birth apply throughout their lifetime.

Question 26

Extreme poverty

Answer 26

Most severe state of poverty with an inability to meet basic needs. Defined as living for less than $1.25 per day.

Question 27

Gender gap in education

Answer 27

Girls’ school enrolment in relation to boys(girls per 100 boys).

Question 28

Maternal mortality rate

Answer 28

The annual number of deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100 000 live births.

Question 29

HIV

Answer 29

Human immunodeficiency virus. Cause of AIDS.

Question 30

AIDS

Answer 30

Aquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Question 31

Foreign direct investment

Answer 31

Overseas investments in physical capital by transnational corporations.

Question 32

Non-governmental organisations

Answer 32

Inter- or national private organisations, which are distinct from inter- or governmental agencies.

Question 33

Resource nationalisation

Answer 33

When a country decides to take part or all of one or number of natural resources under state ownership.

Question 34

Terms of trade

Answer 34

Price of a country’s exports relative to the price of its imports and the changes that take place over time.

Question 35

Trade deficit

Answer 35

When the value of a country’s exports is less than the value of imports.

Question 36

Fair trade

Answer 36

When producers of food and some non-food products in developing countries receive a fair deal when they are selling their products.

Question 37

International aid

Answer 37

Giving of resources by one country/organisation to another poorer country to improve the economy and quality of life in the poorer country.

Question 38

Appropriate technology

Answer 38

Aid supplied by a donor country whereby the level of technology and required skills to service it are properly suited to the conditions in the receiving country.

Question 39

Microcredit

Answer 39

Tiny loans and financial services to help the poor, mostly women, start businesses and escape poverty.

Question 40

Social businesses

Answer 40

Forms of business that seek to profit from investments that generate social improvements and serve a broader human development purpose.