digestive system

Question 1

what is digestion?

Answer 1

• where all the aspects of digestion take place
  -how food goes through the body and come out
  -breaks down food into small piece to be absorbed by the body and used as fuel by taking nutrients from the food.

Question 2

what are different types of nutrients?

Answer 2

protein- help fight infections and make healthy cells
carbohydrates- source of energy
minerals-keeping bones strong with calcium, providing an adequate supply of the iron that helps transport oxygen in our blood.

Question 3

what is the GI tract?

Answer 3

GI tract stands for gastrointestinal tract which is a long passageway of digestion starting at the mouth and end at our anus. It is the entrance and exit point of our food. the go trans passes a number of solid and hollow organs.

Question 4

what are the three solid organs in the GI tract and how do the function?

Answer 4

Liver-
gallbladder-
Pancreas-

Question 5

parts of the small intestine

Answer 5

Duodenum(smallest section)- when food passes through the stomach it passes through the duodenum through the pylorus
Jejunum(middle section)- absorbs sugar and amino and fatty acids before it moves to the ileum.
ileum(last/bottom section)- absorbs nutrients that were not digested by the jejunum.
note: small intestine is 23 feet long (longer than large intestine (6 ft) but has a smaller diameter)

Question 6

parts of the large intestine

Answer 6

Ascending colon(beginning)-
has two parts: - cecum
- colic (ileocecal valve) - at the end of the ascending colon and separates the cecum from the small intestine. it prevent food and other materials from flowing back into the small intestine
transverse colon- after leaving the ascending colon fermentation breaks down food by removing water and nutrients and waste forms.
The medial colic and interior mesenteric artery provides oxygenated blood to the transverse colon.
descending colon- stores food before its emptied into the rectum, feces become solid
sigmoid colon- waste enters and solidifies, pushes feces into the rectum ( holds feces until its ready to excel(for you to use the bathroom)
then waste goes to the anus

Question 7

blood flow and its importance

Answer 7

Blood flow keeps the intestine healthy and prevents illnesses like intestinal ischemia(look up meaning)

Question 8

enzymes that break down nutrients in the digestive system

Answer 8

3 enzymes help breakdown carbohydrate (a nutrient)
- salivary amylase enzyme in the salivary gland helps break down starches and sugars. (takes place in mouth)
- the pancreatic amylase in the pancreas completes carb digestion and produces glucose.
-maltase enzyme in the small intestine breaks down disaccharides into single sugars.
3 enzymes that help breakdown protein
- pepsin : produced in the gastric gland help digest protein in food
-trypsin : produced in the pancreas digest protein in flood
peptidases: produced in the small intestines break down proteins to recycle amino acids.
nuclease and nucleosides are two enzymes associated with nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and are produced in the pancreas
lipids(fats and oils in bloodstream) -broken down by lipase and bile salt. It is found in the pancreas while the live makes bile salts and the gallbladder stores it

Question 9

lipids

Answer 9

substances that are soluble in non polar solvents (do not dissolve in liquid)
lipids include: fats, phospholipids, steroids, and water-insoluble vitamins.
they are all made up of hydrocarbons
hydrocarbons and lipids are not water soluble, don’t dissolve in water, hydrophobic
hydrocarbon is water insoluble because there aren’t areas of partial positive or negative charge because carbon and hydrogen share electrons equally in their covalent bonds