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Anatomy and Physiology > Digestive and Urinary System > Flashcards

Digestive and Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

tube extending from the mouth to the anus; also known as the alimentary tract

A

digestive tract

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2
Q

movement of food from one end of the digestive tract to the other

A

propulsion

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3
Q

total time it takes food to travel the length of the digestive tract

A

24-36 hrs

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4
Q

the innermost tunic of the digestive tube

A

mucosa

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5
Q

the two specialized cells in the mucosa

A

mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors

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6
Q

muscular layer of the digestive tube

A

muscularis

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7
Q

extensive network of submucosal and myenteric plexus with the walls of the digestive tract

A

enteric nervous system

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8
Q

type of enteric neuron that stimulates/inhibits smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretion

A

enteric motor neuron

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9
Q

mesentery that attaches the liver to the diaphragm

A

coronary ligament

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10
Q

mesentery that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

A

falciform ligament

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11
Q

a semifluid material that is a combination of stomach secretions and food

A

chyme

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12
Q

three parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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13
Q

lymphatic nodules that are numerous in the mucosa and submucosa of the ileum

A

Peyer’s patches

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14
Q

considered as the largest internal organ

A

liver

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15
Q

a sac-like structure for bile storage

A

gallbladder

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16
Q

the endocrine part of the pancreas consists of ___

A

pancreatic islets

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17
Q

contractions that move material in the distal part of the large intestine to the anus

A

mass movements

18
Q

reflexes initiated by distention in the stomach

A

gastrocolic reflexes

19
Q

reflexes initiated by distention in the duodenum

A

duodenocolic reflexes

20
Q

lipid droplets surrounded by bile salts

A

micelles

21
Q

an outer layer of connective tissue surrounding each kidney

A

renal capsule

22
Q

a thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds the adipose tissue and helps anchor the kidneys to the abdominal wall

A

renal fascia

23
Q

a small area on the concave, medial side of the kidney

A

hilum

24
Q

two major regions of the kidneys

A

cortex and medulla

25
Q

extensions of cortical tissue toward the medulla

A

renal columns

26
Q

a small, funner-shaped chamber surrounding the top of the papilla

A

minor calyx

27
Q

urine moves from the renal pelvis into the _____ for transport to the bladder

A

ureter

28
Q

histological and structural unit of the kidney

A

nephron

29
Q

a network of capillaries twisted around each other like a ball of yarn

A

glomerulus

30
Q

an indented, double-walled chamber surrounding the glomerulus

A

bowman capsule

31
Q

the parietal layer of the bowman capsule is constructed by ____ cells

A

simple squamous epithelial

32
Q

the visceral layer is constructed of specialized cells called ______

A

podocytes

33
Q

first section of the renal tubule

A

proximal convoluted tubule

34
Q

_____ arise from the glomerular capillaries and carry blood away from the glomeruli

A

efferent arterioles

35
Q

associated with the juxtamedullary nephrons are specialized sets of peritubular capillaries called the ____

A

vasa recta

36
Q

the maintenance of the glomerular filtration rate is due to this process

A

autoregulation

37
Q

movement of non-filtered substances from the blood into the filtrate

A

tubular secretion

38
Q

the triangular area of the bladder’s posterior wall between the two ureters and urethra on the bladder’s anterior wall

A

trigone

39
Q

______ lines both the ureters and urinary bladder

A

transitional epithelium

40
Q
  1. another word for urination
A

micturition

Anatomy and Physiology (1 decks)

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