Digestion Flashcards
What do proteins do
Make DNA and new cells during growth, repair damaged cells and remove toxins
What do carbohydrates do
Main source of energy
What do fats do
Make cell membranes and hormones and are a store of energy
What do fibres do
Keeps food moving slowly so nutrients from your food can be digested
What does water do
Keeps us hydrated and removes waste from the body. It is also needed for chemical reactions
What food group isn’t digested
Fibre isnt digested
What is excess carbohydrates stored as
Excess carbohydrates are stored as fat
What colour does iodine start as
Orangey Brown
What colour does iodine change to if starch is detected
Blue/Black
What are you testing for if you use iodine
Starch
What colour does Biuret solution start as
Turquoise
What colour does Biuret solution turn when protein is detected
Lilac
What are you testing for if you are using Biuret solution
Proteins
What are you testing for if you use ethanol
Fats
What colour does ethanol turn when fats are detected
Cloudy White
What colour does ethanol start as
Clear
What colour does Benedicts solution turn when it detects sugar
Red to green depending on the amount of sugar (Red lots green not much)
What is Benedict solution testing for
Sugar
What colour does Benedicts solution start as
Turquoise
How do you calculate your BMI
Mass/Height2
How many joules are in one calorie
4.2 Joules = 1 Calorie
What is digestion
The breakdown of food molecules so they can be absorbed
Where in the digestive system are the nutrients mostly absorbed
Small Intestine
Where in the digestive system is water absorbed
The large intestine
What is an enzyme
Something that breaks down big food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed
Which enzyme breaks down fats
Lipase
What do amylase enzymes break down
Starch
What type of enzyme breaks down protein
Protease
How can an enzyme get denatured
If it is too hot of in a different pH to what it prefers
What temperature to enzymes work best at
37OC
What is the problem with antibiotics
They kill good and bad bacteria
What are villi
Long projections that help absorb nutrients
Where are the villi found
In the small intestine
Special features of villi
Increase surface area and one cell thick to help nutrients diffuse
What is peristalsis
When rings or muscles contract and relax in sequence to push food through the digestive system
