Dietary Impact

Question 1

Fluoride

H20, processed beverages, grapes sprayed with pesticide

Answer 1

F in plaque and saliva encourage remineralisation, ensure enamel crystals are laid down so less acid attack prone
Too much is poisonous as reduce reduced ability of plaque bacteria to produce acid as F inhibits enzymes in bacteria forming acid in body
Decreases grove depth increasing brushing efficiency

Question 2

Vitamin C

Answer 2

Involved in collagen formation as it hydroxylates proline and lysine (scurvy bleeding gums)
Scurvy leads to PDL and alveolar bone loss causing tooth loss from lack of collagen formation
Antioxidant so prevents reactive O from bacteria/smoking/food can damage host and tissue causing periodontal disease and oral cancers

Question 3

Vitamin D

Answer 3

47% reduced caries risk with early life exposure
Produces antimicrobial peptides cathelicidin and defensins which fight bacteria that cause caries and neutralize toxic bi products
Insufficient causes abnormal jaw formation as low Ca absorption
Less caries in sunny regions

Question 4

Polyphenols in tea

Answer 4

Prevent dental carries by binding to bacteria surface to stop them binding to tooth surface by changing hydrophobicity
Causes aggregation of cells so bind to each other not tooth
Inhibit rate of acid production (EGCG) by plaque biofilm and shows antimicrobial activity against other bacteria

Question 5

Polyphenols in coffee

Answer 5

Anti carcinogenic via cholorogenic and caffeic acid

Also work as tea

Question 6

Milk, cheese and dairy

Answer 6

Reduce dental disease
Ca and P bound to milk proteins become available in acid conditions encouraging mineralisation
Caesin from milk prevents bacterial adhesion to teeth
Cheese after sugar helps return mouth pH, preventing acid attack and stimulates salivary flow

Question 7

Sugar alcohols

Answer 7

Xylitol/mannitol are alcohols produced by sugars
Non carcinogenic sweetness
Sugar free gum 3X a day reduces caries by increasing salivary flow