Diet

Question 1

Food groups/substances the body needs:

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre and water.

Question 2

Carbohydrates:

Answer 2

Source of energy
;grains, bread, pasta
1% of the body mass.

Question 3

Sugars

Answer 3

Fructose: fruit sugar
Lactose: milk sugar
Sucrose: ordinary tea sugar, also main sugar in plants

Question 4

Starch and glycogen

Answer 4

Large, insoluble molecule, found as a storage carbohydrate in many plants, such as potato, rice, wheat and millet. Starch is only found in plant cells but animal cells contain similar carbohydrate called glycogen.

Glycogen is found in tissues such as liver and muscle, where it acts as a store of energy for these organs.

Question 5

Cellulose and dietary fibre

Answer 5

Cellulose forms dietary fibre or roughage which give the muscles of the gut something to push against as the food is moved through the intestine. This keeps the gut contents moving, avoiding constipation and helping to prevent serious diseases of the intestines.

Question 6

Lipids (fats and oils)

Answer 6

10% of the body mass.
The fat layers under the skin acts as an insulation reading heat loss through the surface of the body, fat around the organs protect them from mechanical damage.
Lipids form essential part of the structure of all cells and is stored in some parts of the body.
The chemical building blocks are “glycerol” and “fatty acids”.
Glycerol is an oily liquid, in lipids a molecule of glycerol is joined with 3 other fatty acids.

Question 7

Proteins:

Answer 7

18% of the body mass.
All cells contain protein, so we need it for the growth and repair of tissues, many compounds in the body are made from proteins, including enzymes.
Meat, fish, eggs are rich in it.
A protein deficiency disease is called kwashiorkor.
Proteins are made from amino acids.