Diabetes Medications Flashcards
1 st line T2DM
Metformin
2nd line T2DM
Metformin + DPP OR Pioglitazone OR SU OR SGLT
3rd line T2DM
- triple therapy (metformin + any 2)
- insulin
Metformin action
decrease insulin resistance
decrease HbA1C
prevents vascular complication
Decrease triglycerides + LDL
Metformin side effects
GI upset
Rash
Lactic acidosis
Liver failure
Metformin class
biguanides
Sulphonylurea drug name
Gliclazide
Sulphonylurea action
increase insulin from Bcells
prevents microvascular complications
Sulphonylurea side effect
weight gain
Thiazolidinedione (TZD) drug name
Pioglitazone
TZD (pioglitazone) side effects
Increase fractures, HF + cancer
weight gain
NO >65s
DDP4 inhibitors drug name
Sitagliptin
DDP4 inhibitors action
blocks enzyme which destroys incretin
DDP4 inhibitors side effect
HF risk
SGLT drug name
dapagliflozin
SGLT action
blocks reabsorption of glucose in proximal tubule
SGLT side effect
increases risk of UTIs
Devices to administer insulin
Syring
disposable pen
cartrideg pen
continuous subcutaneous pump
Rapid acting insulin examples and onset
15 mins (peak = 1-2 hours)
Novorapid
Humalog
Short acting insulin examples and onset
30-60mins (peak 2-4 hours)
Actrapid
Humulin S
Basal (intermediate acting) insulin examples and onset
1-3 hours
Insulatard
Humulin I
Humalog Mix 25 (rapid intermediate)
25% short acting - 75% intermediate acting
Basal bolus regime
short acting before meals + long acting before bed
Long acting human insulin injection name
Ultratard
Long acting insulin analogue
Lantus
Levemir
Good drug for dealing with peripheral neuropathy
Amitryptiline
