development of the eye

Question 1

what is the RPE?

Answer 1

the retinal pigment epithelial

Question 2

name the specialised outgrowth from the brain?

Answer 2

the eyes

Question 3

where do signal to define the eye field come from?

Answer 3

the mesoderm

Question 4

name TF switched on in the eye field

Answer 4

Pax6

Question 5

what occurs if the single eye field does not split?

Answer 5

cyclopaedia

Question 6

what supresses Pax6 in the middle of the single eye field?

Answer 6

Shh

Question 7

what can cause cyclopaedia?

Answer 7

cyclopamine

a Shh inhibitor

Question 8

what is the lens formed from?

Answer 8

thickened epithelium

forms lens epithelial cells and lens fibre cells

Question 9

what is the optic vesicle formed from?

Answer 9

bulges in the forebrain

Question 10

what is expressed by lens cells to help with transparency?

Answer 10

crystalline

Question 11

what happens once the thickened epithelium is formed?

Answer 11

cells invaginate into optic cup where they bud off and form the lens

Question 12

why do lens cells modify their cytoskeleton?

Answer 12

so the lens has the correct stiffness and elasticity for focusing
this is something that needs to be adjustable

Question 13

what three processes occur to degrade organelles for lens transparency?

Answer 13

autophagy, mitophagy and nuleophagy

Question 14

what stage in lens formation does Wnt signalling need to stop before?

Answer 14

lens pit formation

Question 15

why is development of the retina clinically relevant in an aging population?

Answer 15

retinal degenerative diseases

Question 16

where does the retina develop?

Answer 16

in the back of the optical stalk

Question 17

how can stem cells be used for regenerative eye treatments?

Answer 17

using stem cells to rebuild retina, cornea and lens