Development & Inequality

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

The process of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare

Question 2

Who does Development

Answer 2

United Nations, The World Bank, Non-Government organisations, Corporations

Question 3

World Bank

Answer 3

Provides long-term loans at low interest rates to help war-damaged and developing nations finance major infrastructure projects and reconstuctions

Question 4

How is Development Measured

Answer 4

Amount of money, Life expectancy, Amount of clean drinking water

Question 5

Categories of Countries

Answer 5

HIC, NEE, LIC

Question 6

Gross National Income (GNI)

Answer 6

Total values of all the goods and services produced by its populations

Question 7

High Income Country (HIC)

Answer 7

A country that has a Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of US$12,746 or above

Question 8

Newly Emerging Economies (NEE)

Answer 8

Countries that experience high rates of economic development, usually with rapid industrialisation. experiencing increasing income and high levels of investment

Question 9

Low Income Countries (LIC)

Answer 9

Countries that have a Gross national Income (GNI) per capita $1,045. Rely on Primary jobs e.g farming, mining

Question 10

List the SHEEPT factors

Answer 10

Social, Historical, Economic, Environmental, Political, Technological

Question 11

Millennium Development Goals

Answer 11

The UN millennium declaration, committed world leaders to combat poverty, hunger disease, illiteracy, environment, degradation and discrimination against women. Created in 2000, 8 goals created by UN and was aimed to be achieved by 2015. Mainly targeted at LICs

Question 12

Sustainable Development goals (SDGs)

Answer 12

Created on September 25th 2015, 193 countries adopted a set of goals to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all, which is a new sustainable development agenda. Three dimensions - social inclusion, economic growth and environmental protection. 169 targets, over 15 years (by 2030)

Question 13

Human Development Index (HDI)

Answer 13

A composite index introduced by the UNDP in 199. Three indicators GNI per capita, life expectancy and eduction

Question 14

HDI Strengths and Weaknesses

Answer 14

Strengths: brings human welfare back to centre, can distinguish between ‘good; and ‘bad’ growth, most effective when ranking is broken down to individuals indicators, allows anomalies to be spotted, economically poor countries recognised for improvements
Limitations: just an average, human rights not included

Question 15

Describe Social Factor

Answer 15

Educations, Workforce skills, Population growth, Gender inequality and Disease

Question 16

Describe Historical Factor

Answer 16

Time and legacy of past economic, social and political events

Question 17

Describe Economic Factor

Answer 17

Foreign inward investment and trade

Question 18

Describe Environmental Factor

Answer 18

Natural resources (energy, minerals, soil, climate) and location and accessibility

Question 19

Describe Political Factor

Answer 19

The quality of governance and political stability

Question 20

Describe technological Factor

Answer 20

Infrastructure, technology and workforce

Question 21

List 4 industries

Answer 21

Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

Question 22

Primary Industry

Answer 22

They extract the resources themselves (e.g. Farming, Mining)

Question 23

Secondary Industry

Answer 23

Construction and processing of materials (e.g. crude oil to petrol)

Question 24

Tertiary Industry

Answer 24

sells and provides service to the public (e.g. legal services and retail)

Question 25

Quaternary Industry

Answer 25

Media, social, Knowledge based (e.g Instagram, Uber)

Question 26

Free Trade

Answer 26

When governments neither restrict nor encourage trade. In reality this really happens

Question 27

Tariffs

Answer 27

Taxes paid on imports so that import goods are more expensive than locally produced goods

Question 28

Quotas

Answer 28

limit the amount of goods that can be imported. Often done on primary goods from LICs

Question 29

Free Trade Agreement

Answer 29

An international treaty between two or more economies that reduces or eliminates certain barriers to trade in goods and services, as well as investment

Question 30

Trading Groups

Answer 30

Serve countries group together for the purpose of increasing the volume and voile or their trade e.g European Union

Question 31

Transnational Corporations (TNCs)

Answer 31

Worlds largest companies export their products but still produced in a single place. grow in size becoming TNCs, Headquarters and research and design facilities mainly in HICs but manufacturing plants may be in LICs and NEEs

Question 32

TNCs Factors/Goals

Answer 32

Reducing transport and import costs, Looking for new markets, Looking fro cheap labor

Question 33

Types of Aid

Answer 33

Development, Humanitarian, Tied, Bilateral, Long-term, voluntary, Short-term, multi-lateral

Question 34

Development Aid

Answer 34

Given to poorer countries to become wealthier and healthier. Long term development objective with goal of eventually becoming self-sustaining

Question 35

Humanitarian Aid

Answer 35

Given to poorer countries to cope with disasters or conflict . Short-term aid because it usually used in emergency to help countries resume back to normal life/ find their feet

Question 36

Tied Aid

Answer 36

Given with certain conditions (e.g. Recipient has to spend aid money on donors countries products

Question 37

Bilateral Aid

Answer 37

Aid given from one country to another (often tied)

Question 38

Voluntary Aid

Answer 38

Money is donated by general public in richer countries and distributed by NGOs such as Oxfam

Question 39

Multi-lateral Aid

Answer 39

Richer governments give money to an international organisations such as world bank, which redistributes the money as aid to poorer Countries